Editing Cocoanut Grove fire (section)

====Fluid therapy====
Surgeons [[Francis Daniels Moore]] and [[Oliver Cope]] at MGH pioneered [[fluid resuscitation]] techniques for the burn victims, noting that the majority of patients suffered from severe hemorrhagic [[tracheobronchitis]] because of "prolonged inhalation of the very hot air and fumes which presumably contained many toxic products...and, in addition, numerous hot particles of fine carbon or similar substances."<ref name = "Finland1">Finland M, Davidson CS, Levenson SM. "Clinical and therapeutic aspects of the conflagration injuries to the respiratory tract sustained by victims of the Cocoanut Grove disaster." ''Medicine'' 1946; 25: 215-83.</ref> At the time, infusions of [[saline solution|saline]] alone were thought to "wash out" plasma proteins and increase the risk of [[pulmonary edema]]. Accordingly, patients at MGH were given a solution of equal parts of plasma and saline solution, based on the extent of their cutaneous burns, while at BCH, patients with respiratory injuries were given fluids as needed. 

Careful evaluations showed no evidence of pulmonary edema, and Finland's studies at BCH concluded that "the fluids seemed to produce obvious improvement in most instances without any apparent adverse effect on the respiratory system."<ref name="ReferenceA" /> This experience stimulated further studies of burn shock, leading to a 1947 publication by Cope and Moore of the first comprehensive formula for fluid therapy based on a calculation of the total surface area of burn wounds and the volume of urine and liquids that had been wrung out of patients’ bedsheets.<ref>Cope O, Moore FD, "The redistribution of body water and the fluid therapy of the burned patient." ''Ann Surg'' 1947; 126: 1010-45.</ref><ref name="Lee" />