Editing Countersteering (section)

==Multi-track vehicles==
[[File:Vespa sidecar.png|thumb|right|upright|Sidecar on [[Vespa]] scooter]]
[[Image:TripendoTilted.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Tripendo recumbent tricycle, a [[tilting three-wheeler]]]]
Three wheeled motorcycles without the ability to lean have no need to be countersteered, and an initial steer torque in one direction does not automatically result in a turn in the other direction. This includes [[sidecar]] rigs where the car is rigidly mounted on the bike. The three wheeled [[BRP Can-Am Spyder Roadster]] uses two front wheels which do not lean, and so it steers like a car.<ref name="Stein2011" />

Some [[Sidecar#Flexible sidecars|sidecars]] allow the motorcycle to lean independent of the sidecar, and in some cases, the sidecar even leans in parallel with the motorcycle. These vehicles must be countersteered the same way as a solo motorcycle.<ref name="ha_kendall_2003">{{Cite book
|title = Sidecar Operator Manual
|year = 2003
|page = 98
|author = H. A. Kendall
|url = http://www.bokblad.se/sidecar/SidecarManual.pdf}}</ref> The three wheel [[Piaggio MP3]] uses mechanical linkages to lean the two front wheels in parallel with the rear frame, and so that it is countersteered in the same manner as a two-wheeled motorcycle.<ref name="Stein2011">{{Cite book 
|title = The Complete Idiot's Guide to Motorcycles
|author1 = Motorcyclist Magazine
|last2 = Stein |first2 = John L.
|edition = 5
|publisher = [[Penguin Books|Penguin]]
|date= 2011
|isbn = 978-1-61564-070-6
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XWR2wabfvuEC&pg=PT339
|page = 339
|access-date = 15 January 2011
 }}</ref>

Free-leaning [[Tilting three-wheeler|multi-track vehicles]] must be balanced by countersteering before turning. Multi-track leaning vehicles that are forced-tilted, such as the [[Carver (automobile)|Carver]], are tilted without countersteering the control and are not balanced by the operator. Later versions of the Carver introduced automatic countersteer to increase tilt speed and reduce the force required to tilt the vehicle. Other forced-tilted vehicles may incorporate automatic countersteering.<ref>{{cite book
|title=Development of a Steer Tilt Controller for a Three Wheeled Tilting Vehicle
|url=http://opus.bath.ac.uk/1516/
|author1=Poelgeest, A.
|author2=Edge, K. A.
|author3=Darling, J.
|date=November 2007
}}</ref> A prototype tilting multi-track free leaning vehicle was developed in 1984 that employs automatic countersteering and does not require any balancing skills.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.tiltingvehicle.net/ACS.html
| title = Bankable future for leaning car
| author = Mike McCarthy
| publisher = Wheels Magazine
| date = January 1987
| pages = 12–13
| access-date = 2014-11-18}}</ref>