Editing Crew resource management (section)

===Transportation===
The basic concepts and ideology of CRM have proven successful in other related fields. In the 1990s, several commercial aviation firms and international aviation safety agencies began expanding CRM into air traffic control, aircraft design, and aircraft maintenance. The aircraft maintenance section of this training expansion gained traction as ''[[maintenance resource management]]'' (MRM). To attempt to standardize industry-wide MRM training, the FAA issued Advisory Circular 120–72, "Maintenance Resource Management Training" in September 2000.<ref>FAA AC 120-72: http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/3e5ec461ecf6f5e886256b4300703ad1/$FILE/AC%20120-72.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806010429/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/3e5ec461ecf6f5e886256b4300703ad1/$FILE/AC%20120-72.pdf |date=August 6, 2010 }}</ref>

Following a study of aviation mishaps between 1992 and 2002, the [[United States Air Force]] determined that close to 18% of its aircraft mishaps were directly attributable to human error in maintenance,<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Force Safety Center |date=September 2000 |url=http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=153 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030624092721/http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=153 |archive-date=2003-06-24}}</ref> which often occurred long before the flight in which the problems were discovered. These "latent errors" include failures to follow published aircraft manuals, lack of assertive communication among maintenance technicians, poor supervision, and improper assembly practices. In 2005, to address these human-error-induced aircraft mishaps, Lt Col Doug Slocum, Chief of Safety at the [[Air National Guard]]'s (ANG) 162nd Fighter Wing, [[Tucson]], directed the modification of the base's CRM program into a military version called ''[[maintenance resource management]]'' (MRM).{{citation needed|date=January 2022|reason=BLP}}

In mid-2005, the Air National Guard's Aviation Safety Division converted Slocum's MRM program into a national program available to the Air National Guard's flying wings in 54 U.S. states and territories. In 2006, the Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC) of the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] (DoD) recognized the mishap-prevention value of this maintenance safety program by partially funding a variant of ANG MRM for training throughout the U.S. Air Force. This ANG initiated, DoD-funded version of MRM became known as Air Force Maintenance Resource Management (AF-MRM) and is now widely used in the U.S. Air Force.<ref>Air Force MRM: {{cite web |title=Situational Awareness: The Ability to Maintain the Big Picture |publisher=U.S. Air Force Maintenance Resource Management |url=http://www.afmrm.org/ |access-date=2009-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630051923/http://www.afmrm.org/ |archive-date=2007-06-30 }}</ref>

The Rail Safety Regulators Panel of Australia has adapted CRM to rail as ''rail resource management'' and developed a free resource kit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator |title=Rail resource management |url=https://www.onrsr.com.au/safety-essentials/safety-tools-and-resources/rail-resource-management |website=onrsr.com.au |access-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312225201/https://www.onrsr.com.au/safety-essentials/safety-tools-and-resources/rail-resource-management |archive-date=12 March 2022 |date=7 September 2021}}</ref> Operating train crews at the [[National Railroad Passenger Corporation]] (Amtrak) in the United States are instructed on CRM principles during yearly training courses.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

CRM has been adopted by merchant shipping worldwide. The [[STCW Convention]] and STCW Code, 2017 edition,<ref>STCW Including 2010 Manila Amendments, 2017 Edition. Published by the International Maritime Organization {{ISBN|9789280116359}} Pages 104 and 145</ref> published by the [[International Maritime Organization|I.M.O.]] states the requirements for ''bridge resource management'' and ''engine room resource management'' training. These are approved shore-based training, simulator training, or approved in-service experience. Most maritime colleges hold courses for deck and engine room officers. Refresher courses are held every five years. These are referred to as ''[[maritime resource management]]''.