Editing Cross-cultural communication (section)

===Historical discussion of cross-language issues and qualitative research===

In 1989, Saville-Troike<ref name=":1">Saville-Troike, M. (1989). ''The ethnography of communication: An introduction'' (2nd ed.). New York: Basil Blackweli.</ref> was one of the first to turn to apply the use of qualitative research (in the form of ethnographic investigation) to the topic of cross-cultural communication. Using this methodology, Saville-Troike demonstrated that for successful communication to take place, a person must have the appropriate linguistic knowledge, interaction skills, and cultural knowledge. In a cross-cultural context, one must be aware of differences in norms of interaction and interpretation, values and attitudes, as well as cognitive maps and schemata.<ref name=":1" /> Regarding [[Cross-cultural studies|cross-cultural]] interviews, subsequently Stanton<ref name=":2">Stanton, A. (1996). Reconfiguring teaching and knowing in the college classroom. In Goldberger, N.R., Tarule,J.M., Clinchy, B.M., & Beienky, M.F. (Eds). ''Knowledge, difference, and power'' (pp, 25–56). Basic Books</ref> argued in 1996 that in order to avoid misunderstandings, the interviewer should try to walk in the other person's shoes. In other words, the interviewer needed to pay attention to the point of view of the interviewee, a notion dubbed as "connected knowing," which refers to a clear and undistorted understanding of the perspective of the interviewee.<ref name=":2" />