Editing Curry (section)

=== United Kingdom===

{{main|Curry in the United Kingdom}}

[[File:Chicken Tikka Masala-01.jpg|thumb|[[Chicken tikka masala]] has been called Britain's national dish.<ref name="Spinks 2005"/>]]

Curry is very popular in the [[Curry in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], with a curry house in nearly every town.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jahangir |first=Rumeana |title=How Britain got the hots for curry |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8370054.stm |work=BBC News |date=26 November 2009 |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824122427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8370054.stm |archive-date=24 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Curry Week: Why Britain loves curry |url=http://www.fsc.uk.com/national-curry-week-britain-loves-curry/ |work=Fleet Street Communications |date=13 October 2017 |access-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110103644/https://www.fsc.uk.com/national-curry-week-britain-loves-curry/ |archive-date=10 January 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Such is its popularity that it has frequently been called its "adopted national dish".<ref name="Spinks 2005">{{Cite news |last=Spinks |first=Rosie |title=Curry on cooking: how long will the UK's adopted national dish survive? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/jul/08/uk-indian-restaurants-struggling-to-curry-on-lack-of-chefs |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=8 July 2005 |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707230506/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/jul/08/uk-indian-restaurants-struggling-to-curry-on-lack-of-chefs |archive-date=7 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was estimated that in 2016 there were 12,000 curry houses, employing 100,000 people and with annual combined sales of approximately £4.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Malcolm |title=The great British curry crisis |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2165379e-b4b2-11e5-8358-9a82b43f6b2f |work=Financial Times |date=8 January 2016 |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014204251/https://www.ft.com/content/2165379e-b4b2-11e5-8358-9a82b43f6b2f |archive-date=14 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The food offered is cooked to British taste, but with increasing demand for authentic Indian styles.<ref name=NYT11415>{{cite news |last=de Freytas-Tamura |first=Kimiko |title=Britons Perturbed by a Troubling Shortage of Curry Chefs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/05/world/europe/britain-curry-house-shortage-chefs.html|access-date=4 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107015902/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/05/world/europe/britain-curry-house-shortage-chefs.html |archive-date=7 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2001, [[chicken tikka masala]] was described by the British [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|foreign secretary]] [[Robin Cook]] as "a true British national dish, not only because it is the most popular, but because it is a perfect illustration of the way Britain absorbs and adapts external influences."<ref name=Guardian2001>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity |title=Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech: Extracts from a speech by the foreign secretary to the Social Market Foundation in London |date=19 April 2001 |newspaper=The Guardian }}</ref> Its origin is not certain, but many sources attribute it to [[British Asian]]s; some cite [[Glasgow]] as the city of origin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dutt |first1=Vijay |title=60 years of Chicken Tikka Masala |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/60-years-of-chicken-tikka-masala/story-cPUJ0MAdX4WxqcxYTrqA3H.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=13 December 2021 |date=21 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="ghosh bb">{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Bobby |title=How I Learned to Stop Hating and Respect Chicken Tikka Masala |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-19/who-created-chicken-tikka-masala-history-of-uk-s-national-dish |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=19 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Emma |title=Most people have no clue chicken tikka masala isn't an Indian dish, according to a top Indian chef |url=https://www.insider.com/chicken-tikka-masala-not-indian-dishoom-chef-naved-nasir-2019-11 |website=Insider |access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> It may derive from [[butter chicken]], popular in the north of India.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |last1=Thaker |first1=Aruna |last2=Barton |first2=Arlene |title=Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics |date=2012 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=9781405173582 |page=74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YF1YCg5Ig-EC&pg=PA74}}</ref>

Curries in Britain are derived partly from India and partly from invention in local Indian restaurants. They vary from mildly-spiced to extremely hot, with names that are to an extent standardised across the country, but are often unknown in India.<ref name="Dillon 2024">{{cite web |last=Dillon |first=Sheila |author-link=Sheila Dillon |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;" 
|+ Range of strengths of British curries<ref name="Dillon 2024"/>
|- 
<!--! style="width: 120px;" |--> 
! Strength !! Example !! Place of origin !! Date of origin !! Description 
|-
! style="background:Khaki;" | Mild 
| [[Korma]] || [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] court, North India || 16th century || Mild, creamy; may have almond, coconut, or fruit 
|-
! style="background:Orange;" | Medium 
| [[Madras curry|Madras]] || British Bangladeshi restaurants || 1970s || Red, spicy with chili powder
|- 
! style="background:OrangeRed;" | Hot 
| [[Vindaloo]] || British Bangladeshi restaurants{{efn|The name 'Vindaloo' is from Portuguese ''vinha d'alhos'' (with wine [vinegar] and garlic), but the British version is quite different.<ref name="Dillon 2024"/>}} || 1970s || Very spicy with chili peppers and potatoes{{efn|The addition of potatoes may be from confusion of 'Vindaloo' with Hindi {{lang|hi|आलू}} {{transliteration|hi|āloo}}, potato.<ref name="Dillon 2024"/>}}
|- 
! style="background:Crimson; color:white" | Extreme 
| [[Phall]] || British Bangladeshi, [[Birmingham]] || 20th century || High-strength chili pepper e.g. [[scotch bonnet]], [[habanero]]
|}