Editing DNA extraction (section)

== Quality control ==
There are several quality control techniques used to ensure the quality of extracted DNA, including:<ref name="dx.doi.org">{{Cite journal |last=Johannesen |first=Jes |last2=Fabritzek |first2=Armin G. |last3=Ebner |first3=Bettina |last4=Bikar |first4=Sven-Ernö |date=2017-08-14 |title=Characterisation of microsatellite and SNP markers from Miseq and genotyping-by-sequencing data among parapatric Urophora cardui (Tephritidae) populations |url=https://peerj.com/articles/3582/ |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=5 |pages=e3582 |doi=10.7717/peerj.3582 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=5560233 |pmid=28828237 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

* [[Spectrophotometry]]: This is a widely used method for measuring the concentration and purity of a DNA sample. Spectrophotometry measures the absorbance of a sample at different wavelengths, typically at 260&nbsp;nm and 280&nbsp;nm. The ratio of absorbance at 260&nbsp;nm and 280&nbsp;nm is used to determine the purity of the DNA sample.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=Florence |date=2002-11-01 |title=Quality control of biotechnology-derived vaccines: technical and regulatory considerations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300908402000287 |journal=Biochimie |language=en |volume=84 |issue=11 |pages=1173–1179 |doi=10.1016/S0300-9084(02)00028-7 |pmid=12595146 |issn=0300-9084|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids|Gel electrophoresis:]] This technique is used to visualize and compare the size and integrity of DNA samples. The DNA is loaded onto an agarose gel and then subjected to an electric field, which causes the DNA to migrate through the gel. The migration of the DNA can be visualized using ethidium bromide, which intercalates into the DNA and fluoresces under UV light.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Paszkiewicz |first1=Konrad H. |last2=Farbos |first2=Audrey |last3=O'Neill |first3=Paul |last4=Moore |first4=Karen |date=2014 |title=Quality control on the frontier |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |volume=5 |page=157 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2014.00157 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=4033843 |pmid=24904650|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Fluorometric assay|Fluorometry]]: Fluorometry is a method to determine the concentration of nucleic acids by measuring the fluorescence of the sample when excited by a specific wavelength of light. Fluorometry uses dyes that specifically bind to [[nucleic acid]]s and have a high fluorescence intensity.
* PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies a specific region of DNA, it is also used as a QC method by amplifying a small fragment of the DNA, if the amplification is successful, it means the extracted DNA is of good quality and it's not degraded.
* [[Qubit fluorometer|Qubit Fluorometer:]] The Qubit Fluorometer is an instrument that uses fluorescent dyes to measure the concentration of DNA and RNA in a sample. It is a quick and sensitive method that can be used to determine the concentration of DNA samples.<ref name="dx.doi.org"/>
* Bioanalyzer: The bioanalyzer is an instrument that uses electrophoresis to separate and analyze DNA, RNA, and protein samples. It can provide detailed information about the size, integrity, and purity of a DNA sample.