Editing Design (section)

===Approaches to design===
Some of these values and approaches include:
* [[Critical design]] uses designed artefacts as an embodied critique or commentary on existing values, morals, and practices in a culture. Critical design can make aspects of the future physically present to provoke a reaction.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lab |first=MIT Media |date=16 July 2015 |title=Introducing the Media Lab Award |work=Medium |url=https://medium.com/@medialab/introducing-the-media-lab-award-795ac9e7a8d9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunne |first1=Anthony |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/speculative-everything |title=Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming |last2=Raby |first2=Fiona |date=6 December 2013 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-01984-2 |language=en |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Malpass |first=Matt |date=Spring 2015 |title=Criticism and Function in Critical Design Practice |url=http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/7921/1/DESI3102_pp59-pp71_vB.pdf |journal=Design Issues |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=59–71 |doi=10.1162/DESI_a_00322 |s2cid=57571804}}</ref>
* [[Ecological design]] is a design approach that prioritizes the consideration of the environmental impacts of a product or service, over its whole lifecycle.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332789897 |title=The Routledge companion to ecological design thinking : healthful ecotopian visions for architecture and urbanism |date=2023 |first=Mitra |last=Kanaani |isbn=978-1-003-18318-1 |location=New York, NY |oclc=1332789897 |access-date=2022-08-19 |archive-date=2022-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827204829/https://www.worldcat.org/title/1332789897 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=van der Ryn |first1=Sim |title=An Introduction to Ecological Design |last2=Cowan |first2=Stuart |publisher=Island Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-59726-140-1 |location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> Ecodesign research focuses primarily on barriers to implementation, ecodesign tools and methods, and the intersection of ecodesign with other research disciplines.<ref>Schäfer M, Löwer M. Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews. Sustainability. 2021; 13(1):315. doi.org/10.3390/su13010315</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=Tania |date=April 2008 |title=Transforming citizens? Green politics and ethical consumption on lifestyle television |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10304310701864394 |journal=Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=227–240 |doi=10.1080/10304310701864394 |s2cid=144299069|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Participatory design]] (originally co-operative design, now often co-design) is the practice of collective creativity to design, attempting to actively involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens, end-users) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanders |first1=Elizabeth B.-N. |last2=Stappers |first2=Pieter Jan |date=2008 |title=Co-creation and the new landscape of design|journal=CoDesign |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=5–18 |doi=10.1080/15710880701875068 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Recent research suggests that designers create more innovative concepts and ideas when working within a co-design environment with others than they do when creating ideas on their own.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=Val |last2=Ross |first2=Tracy |last3=Sims |first3=Ruth |last4=Parker |first4=Christopher J. |date=2015 |title=Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions |url=https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18877 |journal=CoDesign |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=205–220 |doi=10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="The Value of Codesign">{{Cite journal |last1=Trischler |first1=Jakob |last2=Pervan |first2=Simon J. |last3=Kelly |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Scott |first4=Don R. |year=2018 |title=The Value of Codesign |journal=Journal of Service Research |volume=21 |pages=75–100 |doi=10.1177/1094670517714060 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Scientific design refers to industrialised design based on scientific knowledge.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cross |first1=Nigel |title=Science and design methodology: A review |journal=Research in Engineering Design |date=1 June 1993 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=63–69 |doi=10.1007/BF02032575 |s2cid=110223861 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%252FBF02032575 |access-date=16 April 2021 |language=en |issn=1435-6066 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419101156/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02032575 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Science can be used to study the effects and need for a potential or existing product in general and to design products that are based on scientific knowledge. For instance, a scientific design of [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|face masks for COVID-19 mitigation]] may be based on investigations of filtration performance, mitigation performance,<ref>{{cite news |title=Face shields, masks with valves ineffective against COVID-19 spread: study |url=https://phys.org/news/2020-09-shields-masks-valves-ineffective-covid-.html |access-date=8 October 2020 |work=phys.org |language=en |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117012058/https://phys.org/news/2020-09-shields-masks-valves-ineffective-covid-.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Siddhartha |last2=Dhanak |first2=Manhar |last3=Frankenfield |first3=John |title=Visualizing droplet dispersal for face shields and masks with exhalation valves |journal=Physics of Fluids |date=1 September 2020 |volume=32 |issue=9 |pages=091701 |doi=10.1063/5.0022968 |pmid=32952381 |pmc=7497716 |arxiv=2008.00125 |bibcode=2020PhFl...32i1701V |issn=1070-6631 |doi-access=free}}</ref> thermal comfort, [[biodegradability]] and flow resistance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Face masks slow spread of COVID-19; types of masks, length of use matter |url=https://phys.org/news/2020-11-masks-covid-length.html |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=phys.org |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023065428/https://phys.org/news/2020-11-masks-covid-length.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Sanjay |last2=Lee |first2=Heow Pueh (李孝培) |title=The perspective of fluid flow behavior of respiratory droplets and aerosols through the facemasks in context of SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Physics of Fluids |date=1 November 2020 |volume=32 |issue=11 |pages=111301 |doi=10.1063/5.0029767 |pmid=33281434 |pmc=7713871 |arxiv=2010.06385 |bibcode=2020PhFl...32k1301K |issn=1070-6631}}</ref>
* [[Service design]] is a term that is used for designing or organizing the experience around a product and the service associated with a product's use. The purpose of service design methodologies is to establish the most effective practices for designing services, according to both the needs of users and the competencies and capabilities of service providers.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Segelström |first1=Fabian |last2=Raijmakers |first2=Bas |last3=Holmlid |first3=Stefan |date=January 2009 |title=Thinking and Doing Ethnography in Service Design |url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~steho87/iasdr/SegelstromRaijmakersHolmlid.pdf |access-date=2018-02-27 |publisher=Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Buur |first1=Jacob |last2=Binder |first2=Thomas |last3=Brandt |first3=Eva |date=2000-01-01 |title=Taking Video beyond 'Hard Data' in User Centred Design |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242609565 |journal=Participatory Design Conference}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Holmlid |first=Stefan |date=2007-05-27 |title=Creative Arts |url=https://jorz.art/ |journal=Nordes |series=Nordes 2007: Design Inquiries |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.21606/nordes.2007.031 |isbn=9781912294466 |issn=1604-9705 |s2cid=109110352 |via=nordes.org in proceedings from Nordic Design Research Conference, Design Inquiries |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sophia |first1=Parker |last2=Heapy |first2=Joe |date=2006-07-01 |title=The Journey to the Interface, how public service design can connect users to reform |url=http://socialinnovation.typepad.com/files/journey-to-the-interface.pdf |journal=Demos}}</ref>
* [[Sociotechnical system]] design, a philosophy and tools for participative designing of work arrangements and supporting processes – for organizational purpose, quality, safety, economics, and customer requirements in core work processes, the quality of peoples experience at work, and the needs of society.
* [[Transgenerational design]], the practice of making products and environments compatible with those physical and sensory impairments associated with human aging and which limit major activities of daily living.
* [[User-centered design]], which focuses on the needs, wants, and limitations of the end-user of the designed artefact. One aspect of user-centered design is [[ergonomics]].