Editing Dictator game (section)

== The effect of messages and subtle cue ==
Brañas-Garza (2007) conducted a dictator game where participants received an instructional note stating: "Remember, the decision is yours." This subtle message significantly increased giving.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brañas-Garza |first=Pablo |date=2007-08-01 |title=Promoting helping behavior with framing in dictator games |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167487006000900 |journal=Journal of Economic Psychology |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=477–486 |doi=10.1016/j.joep.2006.10.001 |hdl=10481/31487 |issn=0167-4870|hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Burnham (2003) found that showing participants a picture of the recipient did not affect the number of people who chose to give $0, but those who did give ended up donating more.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnham |first=Terence C |date=2003-01-01 |title=Engineering altruism: a theoretical and experimental investigation of anonymity and gift giving |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167268102000446 |journal=Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=133–144 |doi=10.1016/S0167-2681(02)00044-6 |issn=0167-2681|url-access=subscription }}</ref>   

Rigdon et al. (2009) tested the impact of subtle visual cues by presenting two different images to participants:

# A neutral arrangement of three dots.
# Three dots arranged to resemble a pair of watching eyes.

Dictators exposed to the eye-like pattern gave more, with a particularly strong effect on male participants. This suggests that even minimal social cues can influence generosity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rigdon |first1=Mary |last2=Ishii |first2=Keiko |last3=Watabe |first3=Motoki |last4=Kitayama |first4=Shinobu |date=2009-06-01 |title=Minimal social cues in the dictator game |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167487009000154 |journal=Journal of Economic Psychology |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=358–367 |doi=10.1016/j.joep.2009.02.002 |issn=0167-4870}}</ref>