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Dog intelligence
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=== Episodic memory === Dogs have demonstrated [[episodic memory|episodic-like memory]] by recalling past events that included the complex actions of humans.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.057|pmid=27889264|title=Recall of Others' Actions after Incidental Encoding Reveals Episodic-like Memory in Dogs|journal=Current Biology|volume=26|issue=23|pages=3209–3213|year=2016|last1=Fugazza|first1=Claudia|last2=Pogány|first2=Ákos|last3=Miklósi|first3=Ádám|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016CBio...26.3209F }}</ref> In a 2019 study, a correlation has been shown between the size of the dog and the functions of memory and self-control, with larger dogs performing significantly better than smaller dogs in these functions. However, in the study brain size did not predict a dog's ability to follow human pointing gestures, nor was it associated with their inferential and physical reasoning abilities.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10071-018-01234-1|pmid=30607673|hdl=10150/631852|title=Absolute brain size predicts dog breed differences in executive function|journal=Animal Cognition|volume=22|issue=2|pages=187–198|year=2019|last1=Horschler|first1=Daniel J.|last2=Hare|first2=Brian|last3=Call|first3=Josep|last4=Kaminski|first4=Juliane|last5=Miklósi|first5=Ádám|last6=MacLean|first6=Evan L.|s2cid=57428663|hdl-access=free}}</ref> A 2018 study on canine cognitive abilities found that various animals, including [[pig]]s, [[pigeon]]s and [[chimpanzee]]s, are able to remember the what, where and when of an event, which dogs cannot do.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/10/01/dogs-not-intelligent-people-think-certainly-no-brighter-goats/ |title=Why your dog is not as clever as you thought |website=The Telegraph |date=1 October 2018 |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
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