Editing Dubrovnik (section)

===Siege of Dubrovnik and its consequences===
{{Main|Siege of Dubrovnik}}
[[File:Balkans War 1991, Dubrovnik - Flickr - Peter Denton 丕特 . 天登 (3).jpg|thumb|right|upright|Stradun shelled during the [[Siege of Dubrovnik]] (1991)]]
In 1991, Croatia and [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|Slovenia]], which at that time were republics within SFR Yugoslavia, declared their independence. The Socialist Republic of Croatia was renamed as the [[Croatia|Republic of Croatia]].

Despite the [[demilitarisation]] of the Old Town in early 1970s in an attempt to prevent it from ever becoming a casualty of war, following [[Independence of Croatia|Croatia's independence]] in 1991, [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA)–by then composed primarily of [[Serbs]]–attacked the city. The new [[Government of Croatia|Croatian government]] set up a military outpost in the city itself. [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|Montenegro]]–led by [[President of Montenegro|President]] [[Momir Bulatović]] and [[Prime Minister of Montenegro|Prime Minister]] [[Milo Đukanović]], who came to power in the [[Anti-bureaucratic revolution]] and were allied to [[Slobodan Milošević]] in [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|Serbia]]–declared that Dubrovnik should not remain in Croatia. At the time most residents of Dubrovnik had come to identify as [[Croats|Croatian]], with [[Serbs in Dubrovnik|Serbs]] accounting for 6.8 percent of the population.<ref name="yorku1">{{cite web|url=http://www.yorku.ca/soi/_Vol_5_1/_HTML/Pavlovic.html |title=Reckoning: The 1991 Siege of Dubrovnik and the Consequences of the 'War for Peace'|work=Yorku.ca |publisher=[[York University]] |author=Srđa Pavlović | access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref>

On 1 October 1991, Dubrovnik was attacked by the JNA resulting in [[Siege of Dubrovnik|a siege]] that lasted for seven months. The heaviest artillery attack was on 6 December with 19 people killed and 60 wounded. The number of casualties in the conflict, according to the [[Croatian Red Cross]], was 114 killed civilians, among them poet [[Milan Milišić]]. Foreign newspapers were criticised for placing heavier attention on the damage suffered by the Old Town than on human casualties.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Joseph|last=Pearson|title=Dubrovnik's Artistic Patrimony, and its Role in War Reporting (1991)|journal=European History Quarterly|volume=40|issue=2|pages=197–216|year=2010|doi=10.1177/0265691410358937|s2cid=144872875}}</ref> Nonetheless, the artillery attacks on Dubrovnik damaged 56% of its buildings to some degree, as the historic walled city, a [[List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia|UNESCO World Heritage Site]], sustained 650 hits by artillery rounds.<ref name="UNHCR-Dubrovnik-650">{{cite web|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,CHRON,HRV,,469f387dc,0.html |title=Chronology for Serbs in Croatia |year=2004 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324123228/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,CHRON,HRV,,469f387dc,0.html |archive-date=March 24, 2012 }}</ref> The [[Croatian Ground Army|Croatian Army]] lifted the siege in May 1992, and [[Operation Tiger (1992)|liberated Dubrovnik's surroundings]] by the end of October, but the danger of sudden attacks by the JNA lasted for another three years.<ref name="NYTimes-Dubrovnik-Artillery-17Aug95">{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/world/dubrovnik-finds-hint-of-deja-vu-in-serbian-artillery.html?ref=croatia |title=Dubrovnik Finds Hint of Deja Vu in Serbian Artillery |first=Raymond |last=Bonner |date=August 17, 1995 |access-date=December 18, 2010}}</ref>

Following the end of the [[Croatian War of Independence|war]], damage caused by the shelling of the Old Town was repaired. Adhering to UNESCO guidelines, repairs were performed in the original style. Most of the reconstruction work was done between 1995 and 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zod.hr/lista.php?page=1&id=53&id_main=&napravi_order=#komentari |title=Pregled obnovljenih objekata |work=zod.hr |publisher=Institute for the Restoration of Dubrovnik |language=hr |access-date=13 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508013337/http://www.zod.hr/lista.php?page=1&id=53&id_main=&napravi_order= |archive-date=May 8, 2015 }}</ref> The inflicted damage can be seen on a chart near the city gate, showing all artillery hits during the siege, and is clearly visible from high points around the city in the form of the more brightly coloured new roofs.

The [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] (ICTY) issued indictments for JNA generals and officers involved in the bombing. General [[Pavle Strugar]], who coordinated the attack on the city, was sentenced to a seven-and-a-half-year prison term by the tribunal for his role in the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/strugar/cis/en/cis_strugar_en.pdf|title=Case information sheet: 'Dubrovnik' (IT-01-42) Pavle Strugar|publisher=[[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]]|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>