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Eastern freshwater cod
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===Conservation actions=== The above factors, which have in the past led to the extinction of the [[Richmond River cod]] and the [[Brisbane River cod]] and the endangerment of the [[Mary River cod]],<ref name=pusey/> have reduced the eastern freshwater cod from an abundant fish found in all parts of the Clarence River system to an endangered fish absent from most parts of it. It survives only in limited, remote parts of the Nymboida/Mann and Guy Fawkes/Sara sections.<ref name=Anon_2004/><ref name=rowland_1993/><ref name=nock_2009/> The latter population is now at risk of severe [[inbreeding depression]] and is in need of "genetic rescue" via translocation of genetically differing fish from the former, more diverse population.<ref name=nock_2010/><ref name=nock_2009/> Currently there are no management plans to undertake such translocations. Eastern freshwater cod were recognised as a potentially separate and endangered species of cod in 1984, and were declared a protected species in that year. Subsequent research confirmed this finding. While a high level of poaching is still taking place, legal protection has played a large role in finally allowing the species to commence a limited natural recovery.<ref name=Anon_2004/><ref name=rowland_1993/><ref name=butler_2009/> A restocking programme was undertaken by the government of New South Wales in 1984-1989, but was then closed and contracted to a private operation, which produced and stocked fingerlings until the late 1990s. The eastern freshwater cod stocking programme was suspended after genetic research indicated the fingerlings being produced had lower than desirable levels of genetic diversity.<ref name=nock_2009/> No eastern freshwater cod are currently being bred or stocked. Concern has been expressed over the future of eastern freshwater cod stocks in the Clarence River system after the NSW Fisheries department allowed a stocking of [[Australian bass]] fingerlings from a completely different bioregion to proceed. The fingerlings were contaminated with and introduced the [[banded grunter]] (''Amniataba percoides''), an aggressive small native fish, to the lower reaches of the river. It is feared that banded grunter may yet invade the main freshwater reaches of the Clarence River system, with possibly devastating impacts on eastern freshwater cod.<ref name=rowland_2001/>
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