Editing Embryonic stem cell (section)

===Clinical potential===
* Researchers have differentiated ESCs into dopamine-producing cells with the hope that these neurons could be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1073/pnas.0404700101|pmid=15310843|title=Derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells|year=2004|last1=Perrier|first1=A. L.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=101|issue=34|pages=12543–12548|bibcode=2004PNAS..10112543P|pmc=515094|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17627139|year=2007|last1=Parish|first1=CL|last2=Arenas|first2=E|title=Stem-cell-based strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease|volume=4|issue=4|pages=339–347|doi=10.1159/000101892|journal=Neuro-Degenerative Diseases|s2cid=37229348}}</ref>
* ESCs have been differentiated to [[natural killer cell]]s and bone tissue.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=18193216|year=2008|last1=Waese|first1=EY|last2=Kandel|first2=RA|last3=Stanford|first3=WL|title=Application of stem cells in bone repair|volume=37|issue=7|pages=601–608|doi=10.1007/s00256-007-0438-8|journal=Skeletal Radiology|s2cid=12401889}}</ref>
* Studies involving ESCs are underway to provide an alternative treatment for diabetes. For example ESCs have been differentiated into insulin-producing cells,<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17053790|year=2006|last1=d'Amour|first1=KA|last2=Bang|first2=AG|last3=Eliazer|first3=S|last4=Kelly|first4=OG|last5=Agulnick|first5=AD|last6=Smart|first6=NG|last7=Moorman|first7=MA|last8=Kroon|first8=E|last9=Carpenter|first9=MK|last10=Baetge|first10=EE|title=Production of pancreatic hormone-expressing endocrine cells from human embryonic stem cells|volume=24|issue=11|pages=1392–1401|doi=10.1038/nbt1259|journal=Nature Biotechnology|s2cid=11040949}}</ref> and researchers at [[Harvard University]] were able to produce large quantities of pancreatic [[beta cell]]s from ESCs.<ref>Colen, B.D. (9 October 2014) [http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/10/giant-leap-against-diabetes/ Giant leap against diabetes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202163707/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/10/giant-leap-against-diabetes/ |date=2014-12-02 }} The Harvard Gazette, Retrieved 24 November 2014</ref>
* An article published in the ''[[European Heart Journal]]'' describes a translational process of generating human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells to be used in clinical trials of patients with severe heart failure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Menasché |first1=Phillip |last2=Vanneaux |first2=Valérie |last3=Fabreguettes |first3=Jean-Roch |last4=Bel |first4=Alain |last5=Tosca |first5=Lucie |last6=Garcia |first6=Sylvie |title=Towards a clinical use of human embryonic stem cell derived-cardiac progenitors: a translational experience |journal=European Heart Journal |date=21 March 2015 |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=743–750 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehu192|pmid=24835485 |doi-access=free }}</ref>