Editing English art (section)

==20th century==

[[Impressionism]] found a focus in the [[New English Art Club]], founded in 1886.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/n/new-english-art-club |title=New English Art Club |publisher=[[Tate]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref> Notable members included [[Walter Sickert]] (1860–1942) and [[Philip Wilson Steer]] (1860–1942), two English painters with coterminous lives who became influential in the 20th century. Sickert went on to the [[Post-Impressionism|post-impressionist]] [[Camden Town Group]], active 1911–1913, and was prominent in the transition to [[Modernism]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walter-Richard-Sickert |title=Walter Richard Sickert: British artist |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref> Steer's sea and landscape paintings made him a leading Impressionist, but later work displays a more traditional English style, influenced by both Constable and Turner.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-Wilson-Steer |title=Philip Wilson Steer: British artist |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>

[[Paul Nash (artist)|Paul Nash]] (1889–1946) played a key role in the development of Modernism in English art. He was among the most important landscape artists of the first half of the twentieth century, and the artworks he produced during [[World War I]] are among the most iconic [[World War I in popular culture|images of the conflict]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/paul-nash/context-comment/articles/paul-nash-war-artist |title=The Archival Trail: Paul Nash the war artist |publisher=[[Tate]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref> Nash attended the [[Slade School of Fine Art|Slade School of Art]], where the remarkable generation of artists who studied under the influential [[Henry Tonks]] (1862–1937) included, too, [[Harold Gilman]] (1876–1919), [[Spencer Gore (artist)|Spencer Gore]] (1878–1914), [[David Bomberg]] (1890–1957), [[Stanley Spencer]] (1891–1959), [[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]] (1891–1939), and [[Roger Hilton]] (1911–1975).

Modernism's most controversial English talent was writer and painter [[Wyndham Lewis]] (1882–1957). He co-founded the [[Vorticism|Vorticist]] movement in art, and after becoming better known for his writing than his painting in the 1920s and early 1930s he returned to more concentrated work on visual art, with paintings from the 1930s and 1940s constituting some of his best-known work. Walter Sickert called Wyndham Lewis: "the greatest portraitist of this or any other time".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturereviews/3555970/Wyndham-Lewis-a-monster-and-a-master-of-portrait-painting.html |title=Wyndham Lewis: a monster - and a master of portrait painting |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref> Modernist sculpture was exemplified by English artists [[Henry Moore]] (1898–1986), well known for his carved marble and larger-scale [[Abstract art|abstract]] cast bronze sculptures, and [[Barbara Hepworth]] (1903–1975), who was a leading figure in the colony of artists who resided in [[St Ives, Cornwall]] during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/why-its-time-you-fell-in-love-with-britains-battered-post-war-st/ |title=Why it's time you fell in love with Britain's battered post-war statues |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref>

[[Lancashire|Lancastrian]] [[L. S. Lowry]] (1887–1976) became famous for his scenes of life in the [[industrial district]]s of [[North West England]] in the mid-20th century. He developed a distinctive style of painting and is best known for his urban landscapes peopled with human figures often referred to as "matchstick men".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/jun/24/ls-lowry-tate-britain |title=LS Lowry at Tate Britain: glimpses of a world beyond |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>

Notable English artists of the mid-20th century and after include: [[Graham Sutherland]] (1903–1980); [[Carel Weight]] (1908–1997); [[Ruskin Spear]] (1911–1990); [[pop art]] pioneers [[Richard Hamilton (artist)|Richard Hamilton]] (1922–2011), [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] (b. 1932), and [[David Hockney]] (b. 1937); and [[op art]] exemplar [[Bridget Riley]] (b. 1931).

Following the development of [[Postmodernism]], English art became in some respect synonymous toward the end of the 20th century with the [[Turner Prize]]; the prize, established in 1984 and named with ostensibly credible intentions after J. M. W. Turner, earned for latterday English art a reputation arguably to its detriment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/11154277/Not-all-modern-art-is-trivial-buffoonery.html |title=Not all modern art is trivial buffoonery |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref> Prize exhibits have included [[The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living|a shark in formaldehyde]] and [[My Bed|a dishevelled bed]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jan/11/arts.artsnews |title=He's our favourite artist. So why do the galleries hate him so much? |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>

While the Turner Prize establishment satisfied itself with weak [[Conceptual art|conceptual]] homages to authentic [[Iconoclasm|iconoclast]]s like [[Marcel Duchamp|Duchamp]] and [[Piero Manzoni|Manzoni]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/art-in-2015-forget-the-turner-prize---this-was-the-year-the-old/ |title=Art in 2015: forget the Turner prize - this was the year the Old Masters became sexy |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> it spurned original talents such as [[Beryl Cook]] (1926–2008).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/2043397/Beryl-Cook.html |title=Beryl Cook |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=10 September 2017 }}</ref> The award ceremony has since 2000 attracted annual [[Demonstration (protest)|demonstration]]s by the "[[Stuckism|Stuckists]]", a group calling for a return to [[figurative art]] and [[Aesthetics|aesthetic]] [[authenticity (philosophy)|authenticity]]. Observing wryly that "the only artist who wouldn't be in danger of winning the Turner Prize is Turner", the Stuckists staged in 2000 a "Real Turner Prize 2000" exhibition, promising (by contrast) "no rubbish".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/news/artnetnews/artnetnews10-27-00.asp |title=Stuck on the Turner Prize |publisher=[[Artnet]] |access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref>

===20th century: gallery===
<gallery widths="154px" heights="154px">
File:GirlsRunning Steer.jpg|[[Philip Wilson Steer]]'s ''Girls Running, Walberswick Pier''; 1888–94.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-girls-running-walberswick-pier-n06008|title=Girls Running, Walberswick Pier; 1888–94|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Spencer Gore Balcony at the Alhambra 1910-11.jpg|[[Spencer Gore (artist)|Spencer Gore]]'s ''Balcony at the [[Alhambra Theatre|Alhambra]]''; 1910–11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/spencer-gore-inez-and-taki-r1139016|title=Spencer GoreInez and Taki; 1910|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Gilman leeds market.jpg|[[Harold Gilman]]'s ''Leeds market''; c. 1913.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/gilman-leeds-market-n04273|title=Harold Gilman: Leeds Market, c.1913|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:BrightonPierrotsWalterSickert.jpg|[[Walter Sickert]]'s ''[[Brighton Pierrots]]''; 1915.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/sickert-brighton-pierrots-t07041|title=Brighton Pierrots; 1915|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Mark Gertler - Merry-Go-Round - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]]'s ''[[Merry-Go-Round (Gertler painting)|Merry-Go-Round]]''; 1916.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/gertler-merry-go-round-t03846|title=Mark Gertler: Merry-Go-Round, 1916|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=13 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:We are Making a New World Art.IWMART1146.jpg|[[Paul Nash (artist)|Paul Nash]]'s ''[[We are Making a New World]]''; 1918.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/20070|title=We are Making a New World|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Sappers at work - Canadian Tunnelling Company, R14, St Eloi Art.IWMART2708.jpg|[[David Bomberg]]'s ''Sappers at Work: [[1st Canadian Tunnelling Company|Canadian Tunnelling Company]], R14, [[Saint-Éloi, Quebec|St Eloi]]''; 1918.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/2616|title=Sappers at Work: Canadian Tunnelling Company, R14, St Eloi|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:A Battery Shelled Art.IWMART2747.jpg|[[Wyndham Lewis]]'s ''[[A Battery Shelled]]''; 1919.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/16688|title=A Battery Shelled|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Patients waiting Outside a First Aid Post in a Factory Art.IWMARTLD2683.jpg|[[Ruskin Spear]]'s ''Patients waiting Outside a First Aid Post in a Factory''; 1942.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artworks/ld_2683_patients-waiting_e.shtml|title=Patients waiting outside a first aid post in a factory|publisher=[[Canadian War Museum]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Recruit's Progress- Medical Inspection Art.IWMARTLD2909.jpg|[[Carel Weight]]'s ''Recruit's Progress''; 1942.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artworks/ld_2909_medical-inspection_e.shtml|title=Recruit's progress: medical inspection|publisher=[[Canadian War Museum]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Shipbuilding on the Clyde, The Furnaces (Art.IWM ART LD 5871).jpg|[[Stanley Spencer]]'s ''Shipbuilding on the [[River Clyde|Clyde]]: The Furnaces''; 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/25167|title=Shipbuilding on the Clyde: The Furnaces|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Going to Work - L S Lowry.jpg|[[L. S. Lowry]]'s ''Going to Work''; 1959.
File:Coventry Cathedral interior - geograph.org.uk - 291162.jpg|[[Graham Sutherland]]'s Christ tapestry in the rebuilt [[Coventry Cathedral]]; 1962.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-31629514|title='World's largest tapestry' at Coventry Cathedral repaired|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Barbara Hepworth Geograph-685325-by-Fractal-Angel.jpg|[[Barbara Hepworth]]'s ''[[Four-Square (Walk Through)]]''; 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hepworth-four-square-walk-through-l00937|title=Four-Square (Walk Through), 1966|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/3344503/Henry-Moore-exhibition-at-Kew-is-a-triumph.html|title=Henry Moore exhibition at Kew is a triumph|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref>
</gallery>