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First-wave feminism
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===China=== In the 1880s and 1890s, both male and female Chinese reformist intellectuals, concerned with the development of China to a modern country, raised feminist issues and gender equality in public debate; schools for girls were founded, a feminist press emerged, and the [[Foot Emancipation Society]] and [[Tian Zu Hui]], promoting the abolition of foot binding.<ref>Margaret E. Keck; Kathryn Sikkink (1998). Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press. p. 64. ISBN 0801484561.</ref> Many changes in women's lives took place during the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)]]. In 1912, the [[Women's Suffrage Alliance]], an umbrella organization of many local women's organizations, was founded to work for the inclusion of women's equal rights and suffrage in the constitution of the new republic after the abolition of the monarchy, and while the effort was not successful, it signified an important period of feminism activism.<ref>Lily Xiao Hong Lee: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=22alDAAAQBAJ&dq=Tang+Qunying&pg=PA508 Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 2: Twentieth Century]''</ref> A generation of educated and professional [[New Woman|new women]] emerged after the inclusion of girls in the state school system and after women students were accted at the [[Peking University|University of Beijing]] in 1920, and in the 1931 Civil Code, women were given equal inheritance rights, banned forced marriage and gave women the right to control their own money and initiate divorce.<ref>Hershatter, G. (2018). Women and China's Revolutions. USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</ref> No nationally unified women's movement could organize until China was unified under the [[Kuomintang]] Government in Nanjing in 1928; women's suffrage was finally included in the new Constitution of 1936, although the constitution was not implemented until 1947.<ref>Nicola Spakowski, Cecilia Nathansen Milwertz: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=q4uzfrO3Cu0C&dq=women+suffrage+in+china+1947&pg=PA5 Women and Gender in Chinese Studies]''</ref>
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