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Forced perspective
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=== Examples === ====In film==== Forced perspective has been employed to realize characters in film. One notable example is [[Rubeus Hagrid]], the half-giant in the ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' series.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The technique is used in the ''[[special effects of The Lord of the Rings film series|Lord of the Rings]]'' series for depicting the apparent heights of the [[hobbit]] characters, such as Frodo, who are supposed to be around half the height or less of the humans and wizards, such as Gandalf. In reality, the difference in height between the respective actors playing those roles is only {{convert|5|in|cm}}, where [[Elijah Wood]] as the hobbit Frodo is {{height|ft=5|in=6}} tall, and [[Ian McKellen]] as the wizard Gandalf is {{height|ft=5|in=11}}. The use of camera angles and trick scenery and props creates the illusion of a much greater difference in size and height.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} Numerous camera angle tricks are played in the comedy film [[Elf (film)|''Elf'']] (2003) to make the elf characters in the movie appear smaller than the human characters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/11-things-you-might-not-6812057|title=24 Elf the movie facts including why Will Ferrell refuses to do a sequel|last=Rowney|first=Jo-Anne|date=2018-12-03|website=mirror|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> ====In art==== [[File:Cézanne, Paul - Still Life with a Curtain.jpg|thumb|right|''Still life with a curtain'']] In his painting entitled ''Still life with a curtain'', [[Paul Cézanne]] creates the illusion of depth by using brighter colors on objects closer to the viewer and dimmer colors and shading to distance the "light source" from objects that he wanted to appear farther away. His shading technique allows the audience to discern the distance between objects due to their relative distances from a stationary light source that illuminates the scene. Furthermore, he uses a blue tint on objects that should be farther away and redder tint to objects in the foreground. ====Full size dioramas==== [[Image:DSC01677 Diorama isole Lofoten - Museo di storia naturale, Milano - Foto di G. Dall'Orto - 20-12-2006.jpg|thumbnail|A diorama in the Museum of Natural History in [[Milan]] ([[Italy]])]] Modern museum [[dioramas]] may be seen in most major natural history museums. Typically, these displays use a tilted plane to represent what would otherwise be a level surface, incorporate a painted background of distant objects, and often employ false perspective, carefully modifying the scale of objects placed on the plane to reinforce the [[illusion]] through [[depth perception]] in which objects of identical real-world size placed farther from the observer appear smaller than those closer. Often the distant painted background or sky will be painted upon a continuous curved surface so that the viewer is not distracted by corners, seams, or edges. All of these techniques are means of presenting a realistic view of a large scene in a compact space. A photograph or single-eye view of such a diorama can be especially convincing since in this case there is no distraction by the [[binocular disparity|binocular perception]] of depth. [[Carl Akeley]], a naturalist, sculptor, and taxidermist, is credited with creating the first ever habitat diorama in the year 1889. Akeley's diorama featured taxidermied beavers in a three-dimensional habitat with a realistic, painted background. With the support of curator [[Frank M. Chapman]], Akeley designed the popular habitat dioramas featured at the [[American Museum of Natural History]]. Combining art with science, these exhibitions were intended to educate the public about the growing need for [[habitat conservation]]. The modern [[AMNH Exhibitions Lab]] is charged with the creation of all dioramas and otherwise immersive environments in the museum.<ref>Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006.</ref> ====[[Theme parks]]==== Forced perspective is extensively employed at theme parks and other such architecture as found in [[Disneyland Park (Anaheim)|Disneyland]] and [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], often to make structures seem larger than they are in reality where physically larger structures would not be feasible or desirable, or to otherwise provide an [[optical illusion]] for entertainment value. Most notably, it is used by [[Walt Disney Imagineering]] in the [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|Disney Theme Parks]]. Some notable examples of forced perspective in the parks, used to make the objects bigger, are the castles ([[Sleeping Beauty Castle|Sleeping Beauty]], [[Cinderella's Castle|Cinderella]], [[Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant|Belle]], [[Castle of Magical Dreams|Magical Dreams]], and [[Enchanted Storybook Castle|Enchanted Storybook]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://duchessofdisneyland.com/tips-trivia/forced-perspective/|title=Forced Perspective|date=2014-06-05|website=Duchess of Disneyland|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> One of the most notable examples of forced perspective being used to make the object appear smaller is [[The American Adventure (Epcot)|The American Adventure]] pavilion in Epcot. <gallery> File:Sleeping Beauty Castle Main-Street.JPG|At [[Sleeping Beauty Castle]] in [[Disneyland Park (Anaheim)|Disneyland]], the scale of architectural elements is much smaller in the upper reaches of the castle compared to the foundation, making it seem significantly taller than its actual height of {{convert|77|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}. File:Cinderella Castle 2013 Wade.jpg|At [[Cinderella Castle]] in [[Walt Disney World]]'s [[Magic Kingdom]], the scale once again gets smaller the higher one goes, making it seem significantly taller than its actual height of {{convert|189|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}. File:Epcotusa.jpg|[[The American Adventure (Epcot)|The American Adventure]] pavilion in [[Epcot]], also in Walt Disney World, uses forced perspective to make a five-story building appear to be two and a half stories.<ref name="American Adventure">{{cite book|last1=Wright]|first1=the Imagineers ; [Alex|title=The Imagineering Field Guide to Epcot at Walt Disney World : an Imagineer's-Eye Tour.|date=2007|publisher=Disney Editions|location=New York|isbn=978-0786848867|page=103|edition=1st}}<!--|access-date=5 October 2014--></ref> </gallery>
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