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Gallo language
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=== Consonants === The [[consonant]]s in Gallo are almost the same as in French, but there are many local variants, such as the [[Voice (phonetics)|voicing]] of [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]]] into [<nowiki/>[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]] in [[Pays de Retz]] and that of [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless alveolar stop|t]]] into [<nowiki/>[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]] in [[Pays de la Mée]]. Certain consonant combinations are also characteristic of certain regions, such as the [[plosive]]s [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]] and [<nowiki/>[[Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]]], which can be compared to [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]]] or [<nowiki/>[[Voiced velar plosive|g]]] followed by a light [<nowiki/>[[Voiced palatal approximant|j]]] sound. The [[affricate]]s [<nowiki/>[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]]] and [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]]] appear in the western part of [[Upper Brittany|Haute-Bretagne]], where, for example, the word ''curë'' [kyʁe] is pronounced as [tʃyʁə], and the word ''ghepe'' as [dʒep]. Elsewhere, [cyʁə] and [ɟəp] can be heard. ''Qhi'', meanwhile, can be pronounced [ki], [tʃi] or [ci]. These modifications result from an advancement of the [[place of articulation]] of the [[palatal consonant]]s. The [[Semivowel|semi-consonant]] [j] is used extensively to [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] other consonants, notably [fj], [tj], [sj] and [pj]. However, this is not done in all regions, and [j] is often replaced by [l]. The word ''pllée'', for example, can be pronounced [pje] or [ple].<ref name=":2" /> [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] in origin, [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]] generally hasn’t been pronounced since the 13th century, but it is still used in Mené, a small region around [[Merdrignac]] and [[Plémet]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jouin |first=Serge |date=1983 |title=Communauté et diversité en Pays Gallo |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/annor.1983.3902 |journal=Cahier des Annales de Normandie |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=165–182 |doi=10.3406/annor.1983.3902 |issn=0570-1600|url-access=subscription }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan=2| !! [[Labial consonant|Labial]] !! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]/[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]] !! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! colspan=2|[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|m}} || {{IPA link|n̪}} || {{IPA link|ɲ}} || || |- ! rowspan=2|[[Plosive]] ! voiceless | {{IPA link|p}} || {{IPA link|t̪}} || {{IPA link|c}} || {{IPA link|k}} || |- ! voiced | {{IPA link|b}} || {{IPA link|d̪}} || {{IPA link|ɟ}} || {{IPA link|g}} || |- ! rowspan=2|[[Fricative]] ! voiceless | {{IPA link|f}} || {{IPA link|s}} || {{IPA link|ʃ}} || || {{IPA link|h}} |- ! voiced | {{IPA link|v}} || {{IPA link|z}} || {{IPA link|ʒ}} || {{IPA link|ʁ}} || |- ! rowspan=2|[[Approximant]] ! plain | || {{IPA link|l}} || {{IPA link|j}} || || |- ! labial | || || {{IPA link|ɥ}} || {{IPA link|w}} || |} * {{IPA|/m, p, b/}} are [[bilabial consonant|bilabial]], whereas {{IPA|/f, v/}} are [[labiodental consonant|labiodental]]. * {{IPA|/n̪, t̪, d̪/}} are [[dental consonant|dental]], whereas {{IPA|/s, z, l/}} are [[alveolar consonant|alveolar]]. * {{IPA|/ɲ, c, ɟ, j/}} are [[palatal consonant|palatal]], {{IPA|/ʃ, ʒ/}} are [[post-alveolar consonant|post-alveolar]], and {{IPA|/ɥ/}} is [[labial-palatal consonant|labial-palatal]]. * {{IPA|/k, g/}} are [[velar consonant|velar]], {{IPA|/ʁ/}} is [[uvular consonant|uvular]], and {{IPA|/w/}} is [[labial-velar consonant|labial-velar]].
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