Editing Genetic code (section)

===Codon usage bias===
The frequency of codons, also known as [[codon usage bias]], can vary from species to species with functional implications for the control of [[translation (biology)|translation]]. The codon varies by organism; for example, most common proline codon in E. coli is CCG, whereas in humans this is the least used proline codon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Codon Usage Frequency Table(chart)-Genscript|url=https://www.genscript.com/tools/codon-frequency-table|access-date=2022-02-04|website=www.genscript.com}}</ref>

{{collapse top|title=Human genome codon frequency table<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi?species=9606&aa=1&style=N|title=Codon usage table|website=www.kazusa.or.jp}}</ref>}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Codon || AA{{ref label|start|C|C}} || Fraction{{ref label|start|D|D}} || Freq [[per thousand|‰]]{{ref label|start|E|E}} || Number{{ref label|start|F|F}}
|rowspan=17|
!Codon || AA || Fraction || Freq [[per thousand|‰]] || Number
|rowspan=17|
!Codon || AA || Fraction || Freq [[per thousand|‰]] || Number 
|rowspan=17|
!Codon || AA || Fraction || Freq [[per thousand|‰]] || Number 
|-
|UUU||F||0.46||17.6||714,298||UCU||S||0.19||15.2||618,711||UAU||Y||0.44||12.2||495,699||UGU||C||0.46||10.6||430,311
|-
|UUC||F||0.54||20.3||824,692||UCC||S||0.22||17.7||718,892||UAC||Y||0.56||15.3||622,407||UGC||C||0.54||12.6||513,028
|-
|UUA||L||0.08||7.7||311,881||UCA||S||0.15||12.2||496,448||UAA||*||0.30||1.0||40,285||UGA||*||0.47||1.6||63,237
|-
|UUG||L||0.13||12.9||525,688||UCG||S||0.05||4.4||179,419||UAG||*||0.24||0.8||32,109||UGG||W||1.00||13.2||535,595
|-
|CUU||L||0.13||13.2||536,515||CCU||P||0.29||17.5||713,233||CAU||H||0.42||10.9||441,711||CGU||R||0.08||4.5||184,609
|-
|CUC||L||0.20||19.6||796,638||CCC||P||0.32||19.8||804,620||CAC||H||0.58||15.1||613,713||CGC||R||0.18||10.4||423,516
|-
|CUA||L||0.07||7.2||290,751||CCA||P||0.28||16.9||688,038||CAA||Q||0.27||12.3||501,911||CGA||R||0.11||6.2||250,760
|-
|CUG||L||0.40||39.6||1,611,801||CCG||P||0.11||6.9||281,570||CAG||Q||0.73||34.2||1,391,973||CGG||R||0.20||11.4||464,485
|-
|AUU||I||0.36||16.0||650,473||ACU||T||0.25||13.1||533,609||AAU||N||0.47||17.0||689,701||AGU||S||0.15||12.1||493,429
|-
|AUC||I||0.47||20.8||846,466||ACC||T||0.36||18.9||768,147||AAC||N||0.53||19.1||776,603||AGC||S||0.24||19.5||791,383
|-
|AUA||I||0.17||7.5||304,565||ACA||T||0.28||15.1||614,523||AAA||K||0.43||24.4||993,621||AGA||R||0.21||12.2||494,682
|-
|AUG||M||1.00||22.0||896,005||ACG||T||0.11||6.1||246,105||AAG||K||0.57||31.9||1,295,568||AGG||R||0.21||12.0||486,463
|-
|GUU||V||0.18||11.0||448,607||GCU||A||0.27||18.4||750,096||GAU||D||0.46||21.8||885,429||GGU||G||0.16||10.8||437,126
|-
|GUC||V||0.24||14.5||588,138||GCC||A||0.40||27.7||1,127,679||GAC||D||0.54||25.1||1,020,595||GGC||G||0.34||22.2||903,565
|-
|GUA||V||0.12||7.1||287,712||GCA||A||0.23||15.8||643,471||GAA||E||0.42||29.0||1,177,632||GGA||G||0.25||16.5||669,873
|-
|GUG||V||0.46||28.1||1,143,534||GCG||A||0.11||7.4||299,495||GAG||E||0.58||39.6||1,609,975||GGG||G||0.25||16.5||669,768
|}
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