Editing Gorani language (section)

==Phonology==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| m
| 
| n
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]]
! <small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
| pʰ
| 
| tʰ
| t͡ʃʰ
| kʰ
| q
| 
| [ʔ]
|-
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| b
| 
| d
| d͡ʒ
| ɡ
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]]
! <small>[[voiceless]]</small>
| f
| 
| s
| ʃ
| x
| 
| ħ
| h
|-
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| (v)
| ð
| z
| ʒ
| 
| (ʁ)
| (ʕ)
| 
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
! <small>plain</small>
| 
| 
| l
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! <small>[[Velarization|velarized]]</small>
| 
| 
| ɫ
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
! [[Tap and flap consonants|<small>tap</small>]]
| 
| 
| ɾ
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! [[Trill consonant|<small>trill</small>]]
| 
| 
| r
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant]]
| w
| 
| 
| j
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

All voiceless plosives and affricates are aspirated.

* A glottal stop [ʔ] may be heard before a word-initial vowel, but is not phonemic.
* Sounds /ʕ ʁ/ only occur in loanwords.
* /x/ can also be heard as [χ] among different dialects.
* /q/ can also be aspirated as [qʰ].
* The voiced /d/ may be lenited in post-vocal positions, and occur as a voiced dental approximant [ð̞]. In the Nawsud dialects, /d/ can be heard as an alveolar approximant sound [ɹ], and may also be devoiced when occurring in word-final positions as [ɹ̥].
* In the Nawsud and Nodša dialects, a word-initial /w/ can be heard as a [v] or a labialized [vʷ].
* /n/ when preceding velar consonants, is heard as a velar nasal [ŋ].

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|i
|
|u
|-
![[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
|ɪ
|
|ʊ
|- align="center"
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|e
|
|o
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|
|ə
|
|- align="center"
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|ɛ
|
|ɔ
|-
![[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
|æ
|
|
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|a
|
|}

* Sounds /æ ə/ both can be realized as an open-mid [ɛ].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mahmoudveysi|first1=Parvin|title=Hawrāmī of western Iran|last2=Bailey|first2=Denise|publisher=Berlin: DeGruyter Mouton.|year=2018|location=Geoffrey Haig and Geoffrey Khan (eds.), The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia|pages=533–568}}</ref>