Editing GroES (section)

=== As a tumour marker ===

Although almost exclusively associated with pregnancy, EPF-like activity has also been detected in tumors of germ cell origin<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rolfe BE, Morton H, Cavanagh AC, Gardiner RA | title = Detection of an early pregnancy factor-like substance in sera of patients with testicular germ cell tumors | journal = American Journal of Reproductive Immunology | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 97–100 | date = Mar 1983 | pmid = 6859385 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1983.tb00223.x | s2cid = 33423830 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mehta AR, Shahani SK | title = Detection of early pregnancy factor-like activity in women with gestational trophoblastic tumors | journal = American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 67–9 | date = Jul 1987 | pmid = 2823620 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0897.1987.tb00122.x}}</ref> and in other types of tumors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Quinn KA, Athanasas-Platsis S, Wong TY, Rolfe BE, Cavanagh AC, Morton H | title = Monoclonal antibodies to early pregnancy factor perturb tumour cell growth | journal = Clinical and Experimental Immunology | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 100–8 | date = Apr 1990 | pmid = 2323098 | pmc = 1535227 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb06448.x }}</ref>  Its utility as a tumour marker, to evaluate the success of surgical treatment, has been suggested.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bojahr B, Straube W, Reddemann H | title = [Case observations on the significance of early pregnancy factor as a tumor marker] | journal = Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie | volume = 115 | issue = 3 | pages = 125–8 | year = 1993 | pmid = 7682025 }}</ref>