Editing Group 7 element (section)

==== Manganese ====

Manganese can form compounds in the +2, +3 and +4 oxidation states. The manganese(II) compounds are often light pink solids. Like some other metal difluorides, MnF<sub>2</sub> crystallizes in the [[rutile]] structure, which features octahedral Mn centers.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/ja01650a005|title=The Crystal Structure of MnF<sub>2</sub>, FeF<sub>2</sub>, CoF<sub>2</sub>, NiF<sub>2</sub> and ZnF<sub>2</sub>|first1=J. W.|last1=Stout|first2=Stanley A.|last2=Reed|journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc.|year=1954|volume=76|issue=21|pages=5279–5281}}</ref> and it  is used in the manufacture of special kinds of [[glass]] and [[laser]]s.<ref>
{{Cite book | last1 = Ayres | first1 = D. C. | last2 = Hellier | first2 = Desmond | year = 1997 | title = Dictionary of Environmentally Important Chemicals | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 0-7514-0256-7 | pages = 195 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UTKWehimCkEC&q=%22Manganese(II)+fluoride+%22&pg=PA195 | access-date = 2008-06-18 }}</ref> Scacchite is the natural, anhydrous form of manganese(II) chloride.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-3549.html|title=Scacchite}}</ref> The only other currently known mineral systematized as manganese chloride is kempite - a representative of the atacamite group, a group of hydroxide-chlorides.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-2183.html|title=Kempite}}</ref> It can be used in place of [[palladium]] in the [[Stille reaction]], which couples two carbon atoms using an [[organotin compound]].<ref name="Mn(II) halide" /> It can be used as a pink pigment or as a source of the manganese ion or iodide ion. It is often used in the lighting industry.<ref name="Mn(II) halide">{{Cite book | last = Cepanec | first = Ivica  | author-link =  | year = 2004 | title = Synthesis of Biaryls | edition = | volume = | series = | publication-place =  | place =  | publisher = Elsevier | id = | isbn = 0-08-044412-1 | doi = | oclc = | pages = 104 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UMLOo1wXWdwC&dq=%22Manganese(II)+bromide+%22&pg=PA104 | accessdate = 2008-06-18 }}</ref>