Editing Heat treating (section)

===Normalizing===
Normalizing is a technique used to provide uniformity in grain size and composition ([[equiaxed crystals]]) throughout an alloy. The term is often used for ferrous alloys that have been [[Austenite#Austenitization|austenitized]] and then cooled in the open air.<ref name="Dossett, 2006, 2-6" /> Normalizing not only produces pearlite but also [[martensite]] and sometimes [[bainite]], which gives harder and stronger steel but with less ductility for the same composition than full annealing.

In the normalizing process the steel is heated to about 40 degrees Celsius above its upper critical temperature limit, held at this temperature for some time, and then cooled in air.