Editing Hermann Zapf (section)

== Zapfino ==
{{Main|Zapfino}}
In 1983, Zapf completed the typeface ''[[AMS Euler]]'' with [[Donald Knuth]] and graduate students in Knuth's and Charles Bigelow's digital typography program at [[Stanford University]], including students Dan Mills, [[Carol Twombly]], and [[David Siegel (entrepreneur)|David Siegel]] and Knuth's computer science PhD students [[Scott Kim]] and John Hobby, for the [[American Mathematical Society]]. Euler digital font production was eventually finished by Siegel as his M.S. thesis project in 1985. Euler is a typeface family for mathematical composition including Latin, Fraktur and [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] letters. After Siegel finished his studies at Stanford and was interested in entering the field of typography, he told Zapf his idea of making a typeface with a large number of glyph variations and wanted to start with an example of Zapf's calligraphy, which had been reproduced in a publication of the Society of Typographic Arts in Chicago.

Zapf was concerned that this was the wrong way to go, and while he was interested in creating a complicated program, he was worried about starting something new. However, Zapf remembered a page of calligraphy from his sketchbook from 1944 and considered the possibility of making a typeface from it. He had tried to create a calligraphic typeface for Stempel in 1948, but hot metal composition placed too many limits on the freedom of swash characters. Such a pleasing result could only be achieved using modern digital technology, and so Zapf and Siegel began work on the complicated software necessary. Siegel also hired Gino Lee, a programmer from [[Boston]], Massachusetts, to work on the project.

However, just before the project was completed, Siegel wrote a letter to Zapf, saying that his girlfriend had left him and that he had lost all interest in anything. Siegel abandoned the project and started a new life, working on bringing color to [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] computers and later becoming an Internet design expert.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zapfino: An Elegant Script Font |url=https://olleymay.com/zapfino-elegant-script-font/ |website=Olleymay |date=6 June 2014 |access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref>

The development of [[Zapfino]] had become seriously delayed until Zapf presented the project to [[Mergenthaler Linotype Company|Linotype]]. The company was prepared to complete it and reorganized the project. Zapf worked with Linotype to create four alphabets and various ornaments, flourishes, and other [[dingbat]]s. Zapfino was released in 1998.

Later versions of Zapfino using the [[Apple Advanced Typography]] and [[OpenType]] technologies were able to make automatic ligatures and glyph substitutions (especially contextual ones, in which the nature of ligatures and substituted glyphs is determined by other glyphs nearby or even in different words), to more accurately reflect the fluid and dynamic nature of Zapf's calligraphy.