Editing Hispanic (section)

===Religion===
The Spanish and the Portuguese took the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] faith to their colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; Catholicism remains the predominant religion amongst most Hispanics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-christians/|title=Christians|website=Pewresearch.org|date=18 December 2012|access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref> A small but growing number of Hispanics belong to a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denomination. Hispanic Christians form the [[List of contemporary ethnic groups|largest ethno-linguistic group among Christians]] in the world, about 18% of the [[Christianity by country|world's Christian population]] are Hispanic (around 430 million).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Todd M. |last2=Zurlo |first2=Gina A. |last3=Hickman |first3=Albert W. |last4=Crossing |first4=Peter F. |title=Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs |journal=International Bulletin of Mission Research |date=November 2017 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=20–28 |doi=10.1177/2396939317739833 |s2cid=165905763 |access-date=24 September 2019|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320788300}}</ref>

In the United States, some 65% of Hispanics and Latinos report themselves Catholic and 21% Protestant, with 13% having no affiliation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewtrusts.org/pdf/religion_hispanic_churches.pdf |title=Hispanic Churches in American Public Life: Summary of Findings |access-date=27 December 2006 |date=January 2003 |last1=Espinosa |first1=Gastón |last2=Elizondo |first2=Virgilio |last3=Miranda |first3=Jesse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061101044854/http://www.pewtrusts.org/pdf/religion_hispanic_churches.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2006}}</ref> A minority among the Catholics, about one in five, are [[charismatic Christianity|charismatics]]. Among the Protestant, 85% are "[[Born again (Christianity)|Born-again Christians]]" and belong to [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] or [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] churches. Among the smallest groups, less than 4%, are Jewish.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"| Countries
! Population Total
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black" | Christians %
! Christian Population
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black" | Unaffiliated %
! Unaffiliated Population
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"| Other religions %
! Other religions Population
!Source
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|43,830,000||85.4%
|37,420,000
||12.1%
|5,320,000
||2.5%
|1,090,000
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|website=Pewforum.org|date=2 April 2015|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|11,830,000||94.0%
|11,120,000
||4.1%
|480,000
||1.9%
|230,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|18,540,000||88.3%
|16,380,000
||9.7%
|1,800,000
||2.0%
|360,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|52,160,000||92.3%
|48,150,000
||6.7%
|3,510,000
||1.0%
|500,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|5,270,000
|90.8%
|4,780,000
|8.0%
|420,000
|1.2%
|70,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|11,230,000
|58.9%
|6,610,000
|23.2%
|2,600,000
|17.9%
|2,020,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|11,280,000
|88.0%
|9,930,000
|10.9%
|1,230,000
|1.1%
|120,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|16,480,000||94.0%
|15,490,000
||5.6%
|920,000
||0.4%
|70,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|6,670,000
|88.0%
|5,870,000
|11.2%
|740,000
|0.8%
|60,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|1,469,000
|88.7%
|1,303,000
|5.0%
|73,000
|6.3%
|93,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|18,210,000
|95.3%
|17,360,000
|3.9%
|720,000
|0.8%
|130,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|9,090,000
|87.5%
|7,950,000
|10.5%
|950,000
|2.0%
|190,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|126,010,000
|94.1%
|118,570,000
|5.7%
|7,240,000
|0.2%
|200,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|6,690,000
|85.3%
|5,710,000
|13.0%
|870,000
|1.7%
|110,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}
|4,020,000
|92.7%
|3,720,000
|5.0%
|200,000
|2.3%
|100,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|7,630,000||96.9%
|7,390,000
||1.1%
|90,000
||2.0%
|150,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|32,920,000||95.4%
|31,420,000
||3.1%
|1,010,000
||1.5%
|490,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|118,000,000
|84%
|85,645,362
|0.04043%
|43,931
|15.3%
|18,054,000
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Republic of the Philippines |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Puerto Rico}}
|3,790,000
|90.5%
|3,660,000
|7.3%
|80,000
|2.2%
|40,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
|48,400,000
|75.2%
|34,410,000
|21.0%
|10,190,000
|3.8%
|1,800,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|3,490,000||57.0%
|1,990,000
||41.5%
|1,450,000
||1.5%
|50,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|33,010,000||89.5%
|29,540,000
||9.7%
|3,220,000
||0.8%
|250,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|}

==== Christianity ====
[[File:Escultura de la Virgen del Pilar, en la Basílica del Pilar de Zaragoza, España, Spain.jpg|thumb|The image of [[Our Lady of the Pillar]] wearing her canonical crown]]
Among the Spanish-speaking Catholics, most communities celebrate their homeland's [[patron saint]], dedicating a day for this purpose with festivals and religious services. Some Spanish-speakers in Latin America syncretize Roman Catholicism and African or Native American rituals and beliefs. Such is the case of [[Santería]], popular with [[Afro-Cubans]], which combines old African beliefs in the form of Roman Catholic saints and rituals. Other syncretistic beliefs include [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]] and [[Curandero|Curanderismo]].<ref name="mrt.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mrt.com/news/article/Univision-Curanderos-carry-on-traditions-of-7572561.php|title=Univision: Curanderos carry on traditions of Catholicism, African rites|website=mrt.com|date=15 February 2005}}</ref> In Catholic tradition, ''[[Our Lady of the Pillar]]'' is considered the Patroness of the [[Hispanic people]] and the [[Hispanidad|Hispanic world]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Fodor's Spain|first=William |last=Curtis|year=2004| isbn=9781400012701| page =232|publisher=University of Michigan Press|quote=the Virgen del Pilar, the patron saint not only of peninsular Spain but of the entire Hispanic world.}}</ref>

==== Islam ====
While a tiny minority, there are some Muslims in Latin America, in the United States,<ref name=":LMS">{{cite journal |last=Espinosa |first=Gaston |date=2017 |title=Latino Muslims in the United States: Reversion, Politics, and Islamidad |url=http://www.raceandreligion.com/JRER/Volume_8_%282017%29.html |journal=Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion |volume=8 |access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> and in the Philippines. Those in the Philippines live predominantly in [[Bangsamoro]].<ref>[http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=472375&publicationSubCategoryId=205 RP closer to becoming observer-state in Organization of Islamic Conference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603143753/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=472375&publicationSubCategoryId=205 |date=June 3, 2016 }}. (May 29, 2009). ''[[The Philippine Star]]''. Retrieved 2009-07-10, "Eight million Muslim Filipinos, representing 10 percent of the total Philippine population, ...".</ref>

==== Judaism ====
There are also Spanish-speaking [[Jews]], most of whom are the descendants of [[Ashkenazi Jews]] who migrated from Europe (German Jews, Russian Jews, Polish Jews, etc.) to Hispanic America, particularly [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]], [[Peru]], and [[Cuba]] (Argentina is host to the third-largest Jewish population in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States and Canada)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jppi.org.il/uploads/JPPI_2014-2015_Annual_Assessment-English.pdf |title=Annual Assessment: The Situation and Dynamics of the Jewish People |year=2015 |page=18 |work=The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute |access-date=19 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224004229/http://jppi.org.il/uploads/JPPI_2014-2015_Annual_Assessment-English.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ujc.org/section.html?id=29 |title=Global Jewish Populations |work=United Jewish Federations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531003148/http://www.ujc.org/section.html?id=29 |archive-date=2008-05-31 }}</ref> in the 19th century and following World War II. Many Spanish-speaking Jews also originate from the small communities of reconverted descendants of [[anusim]]—those whose Spanish [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi Jewish]] ancestors long ago hid their Jewish ancestry and beliefs in fear of persecution by the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and Ibero-America. The Spanish Inquisition led to many forced conversions of Spanish Jews.

Genetic studies on the (male) [[Y chromosome|Y-chromosome]] conducted by the [[University of Leeds]] in 2008 appear to support the idea that the number of forced conversions have been previously underestimated significantly. They found that twenty percent of Spanish males have Y-chromosomes associated with Sephardic Jewish ancestry.<ref>{{cite news |first=Nicholas |last=Wade |title=Gene Test Shows Spain's Jewish and Muslim Mix |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=5 December 2008 |page=A12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/science/05genes.html |url-access=subscription }}</ref> This may imply that there were more forced conversions than was previously thought.

There are also thought to be many Catholic-professing descendants of [[marrano]]s and Spanish-speaking [[Crypto-Judaism|crypto-Jews]] in the [[Southwestern United States]] and scattered through Hispanic America. Additionally, there are Sephardic Jews who are descendants of those Jews who fled Spain to Turkey, [[Syria]], and North Africa, some of whom have now migrated to Hispanic America, holding on to some Spanish/Sephardic customs, such as the [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]] language, which mixes Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic and others, though written with Hebrew and Latin characters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Ladino |title=Ladino |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=19 January 2016}}</ref> [[Slavery|Ladinos]] were also African slaves captive in Spain held prior to the colonial period in the Americas. (See also [[History of the Jews in Latin America|History of the Jews in Hispanic America]] and [[List of Latin American Jews|List of Hispanic American Jews]].)