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Instinct
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=== Sigmund Freud === Sigmund Freud considered that mental images of bodily needs, expressed in the form of mental [[desire]]s, are called instincts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hjelle |first1=Larry |last2=Ziegler |first2=Daniel |title=Personality Theories: Basic Assumptions, Research, and Applications |date=1981 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=9780070290631 |page=494}}</ref> Freud defines instincts as "biological forces that motivate individuals to satisfy their needs." He divides them into life instincts (Eros), which are focused on survival, reproduction, and pleasure, and death instincts (Thanatos), which are associated with aggression and self-destruction. Freud emphasizes the importance of these instincts in shaping human behavior and personality development.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Freud |first=S. |date=1920 |title=Beyond the Pleasure Principle |url=https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Freud_Beyond_P_P.pdf |journal=London: The Hogarth Press.}}</ref>
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