Editing Internal passport (section)

====The Russian Federation====
{{main|Internal passport of Russia}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:RussianPassport.JPG|thumb|right|Russian internal passport: front cover, first page, last page (usage terms)]] -->

In 1992, passports, or other photo identification documents, became necessary to board a train. Train tickets started to bear passenger names, allegedly as an effort to combat speculative reselling of the tickets.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union invoked the need to distinguish Russian citizens among the citizens of the former Soviet Union.

On 9 December 1992, special leaves were introduced which were affixed in Soviet passports, certifying that the bearer of the passport was a citizen of Russia. These leaves were optional unless travelling to the other former Soviet republics which continued to accept Soviet passports; for other occasions, other proofs of citizenship were accepted as well. Issuance of the leaves continued until the end of 2002.

On 8 July 1997, the current design of the Russian internal passport was introduced. Unlike the Soviet passports, which had three photo pages, the new passports have one. A passport is first issued at the age of 14 and then replaced upon at the ages of 20 and 45. The text in the passports is in [[Russian language|Russian]]. Passports issued in autonomous entities may, on the bearer's request, contain an additional leaf duplicating all data in one of the official local languages.

A passport exchange was begun; the deadline was initially set at end of 2001 but then prolonged several times and finally set at 30 June 2004. The government had first regulated that having failed to exchange one's passport would constitute a punishable violation. However, the Supreme Court ruled to the effect that citizens cannot be obliged to exchange their passports. The Soviet passports ceased to be valid as means of personal identification since mid-2004, but it is still legal (though barely practicable) to have one.

The ''[[propiska in the Soviet Union|propiska]]'' was formally abandoned soon after adoption of the current [[Constitution of Russia|Constitution]] in 1993, and replaced with [[Resident registration in Russia|Resident registration system]] which, in principle, was simply notification of one's place of residence.

Nevertheless, under the new regulations, permanent registration records are stamped in citizens' internal passports just as were ''propiska''s. That has led to the widespread misconception that registration was just a new name for the ''propiska''; many continue to call it a "''propiska''". The misconception is partly reinforced by the fact that the existing rules for registration make it an onerous process, dependent on the consent of landlords, which effectively prevents tenants of flats from registering.

Unlike with the ''propiska'', it is not an offense not to have registration unless one resides in a particular dwelling for more than 90 days. From a practical point of view, the long deadline makes it difficult to prove avoidance of residency registration and so to prosecute. ''De facto'' citizens have no restriction on where they reside (with the exception of [[closed city|closed cities]] or near borders). Still, many civil rights are dependent on registration, such as the right to vote.

In November 2010, the [[Federal Migration Service]] announced the possible cancellation of internal passports, which, if it were implemented, would be replaced by plastic ID cards or [[drivers' license]]s.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/russia/2010/11/101118_russia_passports_cancellation.shtml {{lang|ru|Россия упрощает регистрацию и хочет отменить паспорта}}], BBC Russian, 18 ноября 2010</ref> In 2013, a plastic ID card, [[Universal electronic card]] was introduced, and any citizen had the right to reject it and retain an old-style internal passport. This card system was abandoned in January 2017.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.uecard.ru/press/news/ao-uek-soobshchaet-o-zakrytii-proekta-po-vypusku-universalnykh-elektronnykh-kart/ АО «УЭК» сообщает о закрытии проекта по выпуску универсальных электронных карт] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204005514/http://www.uecard.ru/press/news/ao-uek-soobshchaet-o-zakrytii-proekta-po-vypusku-universalnykh-elektronnykh-kart/ |date=2017-02-04 }}</ref>