Editing Jonathan Davis (section)

==Artistry==
===Vocal ability===
[[File:Jonathan Davis (55209606).jpeg|thumb|left|Davis displaying his range of vocals at a Korn concert in September 2002]]<!-- Images from this era are difficult to obtain. Please do not delete the image! -->
Davis is a [[tenor]]<ref name="RangePlace">{{cite web|url=http://therangeplace.boards.net/thread/203/jonathan-davis|title=Jonathan Davis: Vocal profile – Higher notes – Lower notes|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=November 27, 2019|website=The Range Place|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514030203/http://therangeplace.boards.net/thread/203/jonathan-davis|archive-date=May 14, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shebala |first=Marley |date=September 15, 2011 |title=Korn treats crowd to great metal mania experience |url=https://navajotimes.com/entertainment/music/2011/0911/091511korn.php |work=[[Navajo Times]]|language=en-US|location=[[Window Rock, Arizona|Window Rock]] |access-date=May 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.labibleurbaine.com/musique/les-albums-sacres-le-20e-anniversaire-de-lalbum-follow-the-leader-de-korn/|title=Follow the Leader|last=Lareau|first=Isabelle|website=Bible urbaine|date=September 27, 2018|language=fr|location=Canada|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200324154618/https://www.labibleurbaine.com/musique/les-albums-sacres-le-20e-anniversaire-de-lalbum-follow-the-leader-de-korn/|archive-date=March 24, 2020|access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref> with a [[vocal range]] of four [[octaves]] and four [[Musical note|notes]] (from [[A (musical note)|A]] [[octave|1]] to [[E (musical note)|E]] [[octave|6]]).<ref name="VVMusic">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Digging Deeper: Axl Rose is NOT the Singer With the Widest Range|url=https://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2014/05/digging-deeper-axl-rose-is-not-singer.html |url-status=live|work=Vintage Vinyl Music |location=[[Penfield, New York|New York]] |date=May 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140527182732/http://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2014/05/digging-deeper-axl-rose-is-not-singer.html |archive-date=May 27, 2014 |access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref> The vocal analysis of The Range Place website lists his recorded [[Vocal register|register]] as peaking at the lower note [[F (musical note)|F]] 5).{{efn|The Range Place has been mentioned in ''[[USA Today]]'', ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barrineau|first=Trey|date=n.d.|title=Axl Rose is the greatest vocalist of all time. Wait, what?|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2014/05/20/axl-rose-is-the-greatest-vocalist-of-all-time-wait-what/77278716/|url-status=live|work=USA Today|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201121164637/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2014/05/20/axl-rose-is-the-greatest-vocalist-of-all-time-wait-what/77278716/|archive-date=November 21, 2020|access-date=November 21, 2020}}</ref>}}<ref name="RangePlace"/> In 2014, Davis appeared on the VVN Music's list of "the vocalists with the largest range".<ref name="VVMusic"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Coplan|first=Chris|date= May 26, 2014|title=Turns out Mike Patton, and not Axl Rose, is the greatest singer of all time|url=https://consequence.net/2014/05/turns-out-mike-patton-and-not-axl-rose-is-the-greatest-singer-of-all-time/|url-status=live|work=Consequence of Sound|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140526021536/https://consequence.net/2014/05/turns-out-mike-patton-and-not-axl-rose-is-the-greatest-singer-of-all-time/|archive-date=May 26, 2014|access-date=November 21, 2020}}</ref> According to the vocal range data curated by The Range Place,

<blockquote> His bizarre and esoteric vocal styles are definitely one of the main trademarks of the band, ranging from a gruff distorted sound to an odd dissonant scat as well as a lesser used soft headier sound. Earlier on, he used his more distorted tone almost exclusively for highs, however later on around the time of ''See You on the Other Side'' he began demonstrating an ability to use more a cleaner which he can take to the lower fifth octave. His low range is fairly melodic down to at least F2/E2, with lower notes being more in the so-called "attitude fry" style, often used for a creepier or more intimidating effect. Davis's voice is definitely a factor in what most consider to make or break Korn's music for them, however he is definitely a unique staple of the 90s and modern rock scene.<ref name="RangePlace"/></blockquote>

Describing a live performance in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], Robert Ham of ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' stated that "not enough can be said about the versatility of Davis's voice, as he explored all the different timbres at his disposal throughout the night. He growled, crooned and wailed with equal amounts of steady force".<ref>{{cite news |last=Ham |first=Robert |date=April 7, 2018 |title=Korn's Jonathan Davis Shows His Solo Range With 'Black Labyrinth' Tour Kick-Off |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8297507/korn-jonathan-davis-black-labyrinth-solo-tour-review |url-status=live |magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200919174038/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8297507/korn-jonathan-davis-black-labyrinth-solo-tour-review |archive-date=September 19, 2020 |access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref> ''[[Rough Guides|The Rough Guide to Rock]]'' writer Essi Berelian described Davis's singing voice: his "unusual style varied between singing, half-rapping and breathless shrieking".{{sfn|Buckley|Ellingham|2003|p=565}} Davis is renowned for his guttural—[[scat singing]] breakdowns;<ref name="Krovatin2019-10-15">{{cite news |last=Krovatin|first=Chris|date=October 15, 2019|title=The 6 Best Jonathan Davis Scat Performances|url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/the-6-best-jonathan-davis-scat-performances-ranked/|url-status=live|work=[[Kerrang!]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200919183026/https://www.kerrang.com/features/the-6-best-jonathan-davis-scat-performances-ranked/|archive-date=September 19, 2020 |access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref> author [[Christopher Krovatin]] wrote that "no aspect of Jonathan's vocals are more widely recognized that his babbled nonsense words reminiscent of the scat vocals used by classic [[jazz]] musicians like [[Duke Ellington]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]] and [[Scatman Crothers|Benjamin "Scatman" Crothers]]".<ref name="Krovatin2019-10-15"/> Tracks that include this aspect of his vocals in chronological order include the lead-off track in ''Life Is Peachy'' "[[Twist (Korn song)|Twist]]", "[[Freak on a Leash|Freak On A Leash]]", "[[Got the Life|Got The Life]]", "[[Children of the korn|Children Of The Korn]]", "[[B.B.K. (song)|B.B.K]]", "Seed", "Bottled Up Inside", "Beat It Upright", "Open Up", "Liar", "Tension", "[[Rotting in Vain|Rotting In Vain]]", "The Ringmaster", and "[[Worst Is on Its Way|Worst Is On Its Way]]".

===Influences===
Davis has said that his earliest musical inspiration during his childhood was the [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] musical ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]'',{{sfn|Paquet|2002|p=49}} as his mother was one of the dancers in the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://loudwire.com/korn-jonathan-davis-new-album-troops-addiction-more/|title=KORN singer Jonathan Davis|last=Eptin|first=Christ|website=Loudwire.|date=September 24, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200326210056/https://loudwire.com/korn-jonathan-davis-new-album-troops-addiction-more/|archive-date=March 26, 2020|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> His interest in music was more stimulated when he discovered his synth-pop heroes, [[Duran Duran]] and the melodies of [[Simon Le Bon]] who became his major influence.{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=16}} He also grew up listening to '80s music such as [[Arcadia (band)|Arcadia]], [[Sigue Sigue Sputnik]];<ref name="LW BGP"/> [[Bauhaus (band)|Bauhaus]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Thompson Twins]];{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=17}} [[Missing Persons (band)|Missing Persons]] and [[A Flock Of Seagulls|Flock of Seagulls]].{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=40}} Upon listening to his favorite musical genre, Davis would later say, "I was a [[New Romantic]]! They even took me to the gay student's counselor just because I wore makeup".{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=17}} He bought [[Mötley Crüe]]'s album ''[[Shout At The Devil]]'' when he was in seventh grade, then found [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]], [[Skinny Puppy]], and "old goth stuff" like [[Christian Death]].<ref name="PANTERA">{{cite web|url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/korns-jonathan-davis-says-panteras-vulgar-display-of-power-made-him-want-to-create-heavy-music/|title='Vulgar Display Of Power' Made Him Want To Create Heavy Music|website=Blabbermouth.|date=March 2, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200326205608/https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/korns-jonathan-davis-says-panteras-vulgar-display-of-power-made-him-want-to-create-heavy-music/|archive-date=March 26, 2020|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> Davis was first impressed with metal when he heard ''[[Vulgar Display of Power]]'' by [[Pantera]],{{sfn|Paquet|2002|p=49}} he stated it was "the metal record that made me wanna do heavy music".<ref name="PANTERA"/> During adolescence, Davis played [[bagpipes]] on a regular basis.{{sfn|Paquet|2002|p=26}} Many reviewers point out stark similarities between the vocals of Davis and several techniques employed by [[Mike Patton]],<ref>{{cite web|access-date=December 2, 2020|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/2314-irony-is-a-dead-scene-ep/|date=December 2, 2002|title= The Dillinger Escape Plan / Mike Patton: ''Irony Is a Dead Scene EP''|last=Haywood|first=Brad |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|quote=Love him or leave him, Patton's influence on underground metal and hardcore, particularly through Faith No More, is undeniable. His influence on mainstream rap-rock is similarly undisputed, serving as the template for vocalists like Korn's Jonathan Davis. |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319155809/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/2314-irony-is-a-dead-scene-ep/|archive-date=March 19, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=December 2, 2020|url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2010/05/12/korn-iii-remember-who-you-are-listening-party-report/|date=May 12, 2010 |title=Korn III: Remember Who You Are Listening Party Report|first =Axl |last=Rosenberg|website=[[MetalSucks]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515114828/https://www.metalsucks.net/2010/05/12/korn-iii-remember-who-you-are-listening-party-report/|archive-date=May 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=December 2, 2020|url=https://www.avclub.com/korn-the-path-of-totality-1798170812|date=December 13, 2011 |title=Korn: The Path Of Totality|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|first=Jason |last=Heller|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103085001/https://music.avclub.com/korn-the-path-of-totality-1798170812|archive-date=November 3, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=December 2, 2020|url=https://mikeladano.com/2013/07/16/review-faith-no-more-angel-dust-2-lp-and-2-cd-editions/|date=July 16, 2013|title=REVIEW: Faith No More – Angel Dust (2 LP and 2 CD editions)|website=Mikeladano.com|quote=The first single "[[Midlife Crisis]]" was about as close as it gets to a commercial track. You can certainly hear every nu-metal band in the world (Korn! I'm looking at you Jonathan Davis!) ripping off Patton's guttural vocal stylings.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108121956/https://mikeladano.com/2013/07/16/review-faith-no-more-angel-dust-2-lp-and-2-cd-editions/|archive-date=November 8, 2013}}</ref> and the former recognized Patton's bands [[Faith No More]] and [[Mr. Bungle]] as major influences.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=December 2, 2020|url=https://www.radio.com/music/rock/korn-on-recording-with-ice-cube-and-impact-of-cypress-hill|date=August 19, 2019|title=EXCLUSIVE: Korn on Recording With Ice Cube and the Impact of Cypress Hill|website=[[Radio.com]]|first=Michael |last=Cerio|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213074341/https://www.radio.com/music/rock/korn-on-recording-with-ice-cube-and-impact-of-cypress-hill|archive-date=December 13, 2019 }}</ref>

===Bagpipes===
Davis was interested in [[pipe band]] music during his youth, which prefigured later Korn's use of bagpipes in several songs.<ref name="LW BGP">{{cite web|url=https://loudwire.com/jonathan-davis-star-trek-inspired-bagpipes/|title=Jonathan Davis interview at the Musicians Institute in Los Angeles|website=Loudwire.|date=September 13, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200325153545/https://loudwire.com/jonathan-davis-star-trek-inspired-bagpipes/|archive-date=March 25, 2020|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref>{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=18}} His great-grandmother was from [[Scotland]] and played pipe records for him.<ref name="LW BGP"/>{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=18}} Davis was also inspired to play the [[bagpipes]] by a scene in the 1982 film ''[[Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan]]'', in which the character [[Scotty (Star Trek)|Mr. Scott]] played "[[Amazing Grace]]" on the [[Great Highland bagpipe]]s at the funeral of [[Mr. Spock]]. The melancholic sound captivated him.<ref name="LW BGP"/> In a ''[[Loudwire]]'' interview, Davis described this moment while watching the film: "everybody tears up, and I'm like...I gotta play bagpipes".<ref name="LW BGP"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Sing them over again to me : hymns and hymnbooks in America|url=https://archive.org/details/singthemoveragai00noll|url-access=limited|last1=A Noll|first1=Mark|author-link1=Mark Noll|last2=Blumhofer Waldvogel|first2=Edith|editor=Mark A. Noll and Edith L. Blumhofer|year=2006|location=USA|publisher=University of Alabama Press|publication-date=2006|pages=[https://archive.org/details/singthemoveragai00noll/page/n35 15]|isbn=978-0-817-31505-4|oclc=61694750}}</ref>

[[File:Jonathan Davis of Korn, bagpipes of Davis, May 2000.jpg|thumb|left|Davis's bagpipes backstage during the ''[[Issues (Korn album)|Issues]]'' Tour, at [[Hammersmith Apollo]], England, 2000]]
Davis's enthusiasm led his grandmother to give him his first set of bagpipes, then he began by joining the [[Highland High School (Bakersfield, California)|Highland High School]] pipe band, and taking lessons from the band's Scottish conductor.{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=18}} Shortly afterwards he went to a qualified teacher, who went to Scotland and learned.{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=18}} Davis started competing after that, across the United States at established gigs.{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=18}} When the band were ready to record their first album of original material, they realized that something was missing during the recording of the song "[[Shoots and Ladders]]".{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=50}} What had begun as "a joke" turned out to be nothing less than an atypical element in the song,{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=50}} and would eventually become the first Korn song to feature a Highland bagpipe.{{efn|Following the release of ''[[Korn (album)|Korn]]''{{'}}s self titled debut album—recorded with his bagpipe trophies by his side—the singer would have two credits after his name in [[Music magazine|magazines]]: ''Jonathan Davis-Vocals & Bagpipes'', also: ''Jonathan Davis-Vocalist/Bagpiper''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metalkingdom.net/album/Korn-Korn-109532|title=Line-up (members) – Jonathan Davis : Vocals, Bagpipes|website=Metal Kingdom.|date=October 11, 1994|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200327150854/https://www.metalkingdom.net/album/Korn-Korn-109532|archive-date=March 27, 2020|access-date=March 27, 2020}}</ref>{{sfn|Furman|2000|p=50}}}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://loudwire.com/top-50-korn-songs-ranked/|title=The Top 50 Korn Songs, Ranked|website=Loudwire.|date=September 13, 2019|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200325154340/https://loudwire.com/top-50-korn-songs-ranked/|archive-date=March 25, 2020|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref>

Of Davis's composition with Korn, Kelsey Chapstick commented in ''[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver Magazine]]'',
{{blockquote|text="The bagpipe intro to 'Shoots and Ladders' was captured with Davis playing outside the studio, walking away from the mic [ ... ] While the bagpipe wails that open the song might like they were recorded on top of a mountain, Davis actually played them while walking past the back door of the studio while the microphone stayed stationary, giving the impression of a faraway player fading into the distance."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/korns-self-titled-album-10-things-you-didnt-know-nu-metals-first-shot|title=Lowrider (War Cover)|last=Chapsitck|first=Kelsey|website=Revolver Magazine.|date=October 11, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200327174247/https://www.revolvermag.com/music/korns-self-titled-album-10-things-you-didnt-know-nu-metals-first-shot|archive-date=March 27, 2020|access-date=March 27, 2020}}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}}

Davis does not want to make prominent use of the woodwind instrument and avoids what he worries might be gimmicked or over-use of the pipes. He clarified: "it depends the song, if I'm feeling like there's a spot where I could use it".<ref name="LW BGP"/> Korn's repertoire containing Davis's bagpipes includes, "[[Shoots and Ladders]]", "[[Low Rider]]" (a cover of the song by funk rock band [[War (American band)|War]]) from Korn's album'' [[Life Is Peachy|Life is Peachy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metalkingdom.net/lyrics-song/Korn-Lowrider-%28War-Cover%29-142897|title=Lowrider (War Cover)|website=Metal Kingdom.|date=December 15, 1996|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200327172159/https://www.metalkingdom.net/lyrics-song/Korn-Lowrider-(War-Cover)-142897|archive-date=March 27, 2020|access-date=March 27, 2020}}</ref> Bagpipes are also heard on "My Gift To You", "Dead", "Let's Do This Now", "10 or a 2-Way", "Open Up", "Liar", "Seen It All", "I Will Protect You", "Lead The Parade", "Spike In My Veins", "Bleeding Out", and "The End Begins".<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Keys Inside|date=January 2, 2016|title=KoRn – All Bagpipes Parts|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibDRIhJF8SM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/ibDRIhJF8SM| archive-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live|access-date=May 23, 2020|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On November 15, 1999, at the [[Apollo Theater]] concert, the [[NYPD Pipes and Drums]] corps opened the show with "Dead".{{sfn|Paquet|2002|p=27}} On July 23, 1999, Davis performed his bagpipe routine in front of more than 250,000 attendees during the Korn concert at the ''[[Woodstock '99|Woodstock Festival]]'' in New York in a long weekend of anarchy and uproar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/top-six-musical-moments-at-woodstock-99-91311/|title=Top Six Musical Moments at Woodstock '99|last1=Eliscu|first1=Jenny|last2=Rosenthal|first2=Joe|website=Rolling Stone.|date=July 26, 1999|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200327182238/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/top-six-musical-moments-at-woodstock-99-91311/|archive-date=March 27, 2020|access-date=March 27, 2020}}</ref>