Editing Kick (section)

==Advanced kicks==
These are often complicated variations of basic kicks, either with a different target or combined with another move, such as jumping.

===Axe===
<!-- Aerial cartwheel links to this section; please don't change without fixing links -->
[[File:München WKU 2013 Christine Theiss 231.JPG|thumb|Axe kick by [[Christine Theiss]] in 2013|alt=|left]]

In Japanese, ''kakato-geri'' or ''kakato-otoshi''; in Korean, ''doki bal chagi'' or ''naeryeo chagi'' or ''chikka chagi''. In Chinese, ''pigua tui'' or ''xiapi tui''.

An axe kick, also known as a ''hammer kick'' or ''stretch kick'', is characterized by a straightened leg with the heel descending onto an opponent like the blade of an [[axe]]. It begins with one foot rising upward as in a crescent kick<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/6/16/1518356/bloody-elbow-judo-chop-mirko-cro |title=Judo Chop: Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic Unleashes an Axe Kick on Pat Barry |date=16 June 2010 |publisher=Bloody Elbow |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2014-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112141042/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/6/16/1518356/bloody-elbow-judo-chop-mirko-cro |url-status=live }}</ref> then the upward arc motion is stopped and then the attacking foot is lowered to strike the target from above. The arc can be performed in either an inward (counter-clockwise) or outward (clockwise) fashion.

A well-known proponent of the axe kick was [[Andy Hug]], the Swiss Kyokushinkai Karateka who won the 1996 [[K-1 Grand Prix]].

===Butterfly===
[[Image:Butterfly Kick Samuel Lee.gif|right|thumb|200px|Wushu Butterfly kick (animated video)]]{{Further|Butterfly kick}}A butterfly kick is done by doing a large circular motion with both feet in succession, making the combatant airborne. There are many variations of this kick. The kick may look like a slanted aerial cartwheeland at the same time, the body spins horizontally in a circle. It begins as a jump with one leg while kicking with the other, then move the kicking leg down and the jumping leg up into a kick, landing with the first kicking leg, all while spinning. This kick involves arching the back when airborne to give a horizontal body with high angled legs striking horizontally. It may also resemble a jumping spin roundhouse kick (developed by James "Two Screens" Perkins) into a spinning [[hook kick]], all in one jump and one spin although the difference is that both legs remain in the air at the same time for a considerable amount of time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mO2Skxg_GLQ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003143120/http://www.youtube.com//watch?v=mO2Skxg_GLQ| archive-date=2010-10-03 | url-status=dead|title=Shaolin Kung Fu Stretches & Moves : Butterfly Kick in Shaolin Kung Fu |publisher=YouTube |date=2008-04-10 |access-date=2014-01-17}}</ref>

First practiced in Chinese martial arts, the butterfly kick, or "''xuan zi''", is widely viewed as ineffective for actual combat.  However, its original purpose was to evade an opponent's floor sweep and flip to the antagonist's exposed side or it may be used as a double aerial kick to an opponent standing off to the side. It is now widely used in demonstrative ''wushu'' forms (''taolu'') as a symbol of difficulty. Also note the similarity in execution when compared to an ice skating maneuver known as a [[Camel spin#Variations|flying camel spin]] (aka [[Dick Button|Button]] camel).

===Calf===
This strike is a low roundhouse kick that hits the backside of the [[Calf (anatomy)|calf]] with the [[Tibia|shin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.sherdog.com/news/articles/Getting-Technical-on-Calf-Kicks-133249|title=Getting Technical on Calf Kicks|website=m.sherdog.com|access-date=2020-07-06|archive-date=2020-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707043559/https://m.sherdog.com/news/articles/Getting-Technical-on-Calf-Kicks-133249|url-status=live}}</ref> While a calf kick sacrifices range in comparison to a standard low roundhouse kick to the thigh, it can not be checked with a knee or grabbed with an arm making it a safer kick for a striker in MMA matches versus opponents capable of checking low kicks or grapplers looking for takedown opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/Dossier-Anatomy-of-the-Calf-Kick-178014|title=Dossier: Anatomy of the Calf Kick|website=Sherdog|access-date=2022-11-17|archive-date=2022-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117221632/https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/Dossier-Anatomy-of-the-Calf-Kick-178014|url-status=live}}</ref> The kick was popularized by former UFC lightweight champion [[Benson Henderson]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theathletic.com/1666839/2020/03/10/rise-of-the-calf-kick-how-a-forgotten-technique-became-mmas-hottest-strike/|title=Rise of the calf kick: How a forgotten technique became MMA's hottest strike|first=Chad|last=Dundas|website=The Athletic|access-date=2022-11-17|archive-date=2022-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117221255/https://theathletic.com/1666839/2020/03/10/rise-of-the-calf-kick-how-a-forgotten-technique-became-mmas-hottest-strike/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Crescent===
The crescent kick, also referred to as a "swing" kick and ''bandal chagi'' (반달 차기) in Korean, has some similarities to a [[hook kick]] and is sometimes practised as an off-target front snap kick.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1908450-kicks-arent-going-anywhere-part-2-katsunori-kikuno |title=Kicks Aren't Going Anywhere Part 2: Katsunori Kikuno |website=Bleacher Report |date=2014-01-02 |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2014-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112073718/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1908450-kicks-arent-going-anywhere-part-2-katsunori-kikuno |url-status=live }}</ref> The leg is bent like the front kick, but the knee is pointed at a target to the left or right of the true target. The energy from the snap is then redirected, whipping the leg into an arc and hitting the target from the side. This is useful for getting inside defenses and striking the side of the head or for knocking down hands to follow up with a close attack. In many styles of [[tai chi]] and [[Kalaripayattu]], crescent kicks are taught as tripping techniques. When training for crescent kicks, it is common to keep the knee extended to increase the difficulty. This also increases the momentum of the foot and can generate more force, though it takes longer to build up the speed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/4/5/1387681/bloody-elbow-judo-chop-katsunori |title=Judo Chop: Katsunori Kikuno Puts the Crescent Kick To Work on Kuniyoshi Hironaka at DREAM.13 |work=Bloody Elbow |date=5 April 2010 |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2014-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112035513/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/4/5/1387681/bloody-elbow-judo-chop-katsunori |url-status=live }}</ref>

The inward, inner, or inside crescent hits with the inside edge of the foot. Its arch is clockwise for the left leg and counter-clockwise for the right leg with force generated by both legs' movement towards from the midline of the body. The inward variant has also been called a ''hangetsu geri'' (half-moon kick) in karate and is employed to "wipe" an opponent's hand off of the wrist. It can quickly be followed up by a low side-blade kick to the knee of the offender.

The outward, outer, oroutside crescent hits with the "blade", the outside edge of the foot. Its path is counter-clockwise for the left leg and clockwise for the right leg and force is generated by both legs' hip abduction. This is similar to a rising side kick, only with the kicking leg's hip flexed so that the line of force travels parallel to the ground from front to side rather than straight up, beginning and ending at the side.

===Hook{{anchor|Hook kick}}===
[[Image:Steven Ho Martial Arts Kick.jpg|thumb|[[Steven Ho (martial artist)|Steven Ho]] executing a Jump spin hook kick]]
A hook kick or {{Transliteration|ko|huryeo chagi}} ({{lang|ko|후려 차기}}) or {{Transliteration|ko|golcho chagi}} in Korean, strikes with the heel from the side. It is executed similar to a side kick. However, the kick is intentionally aimed slightly off target in the direction of the kicking foot's toes. At full extension, the knee is bent and the foot snapped to the side, impacting the target with the heel. In taekwondo it is often used at the resulting miss of a short slide side kick to the head, but is considered a very high level technique in said circumstance. Practitioners of [[jeet kune do]] frequently use the term ''heel hook kick'' or ''sweep kick''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2013/7/21/4543338/technique-talk-henri-hooft-on-the-rise-of-spinning-kicks-and-attacks/in/3450013 |title=Technique Talk: Henri Hooft on the rise of spinning kicks and attacks in mixed martial arts |date=21 July 2013 |publisher=MMA Fighting |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2014-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114153129/http://www.mmafighting.com/2013/7/21/4543338/technique-talk-henri-hooft-on-the-rise-of-spinning-kicks-and-attacks/in/3450013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7g2gzoqK14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624212547/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7g2gzoqK14&feature=related| archive-date=2014-06-24 | url-status=dead|title=Taekwondo Kicks : Taekwondo Reverse Hook Kick |publisher=YouTube |date=2008-06-24 |access-date=2014-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/9/24/4762484/judo-chop-chris-clements-spinning-sweep-kick-stephen-thompson-gif-andy-hug |title=UFC 165 Judo Chop: Chris Clement's Spinning Sweep Kick |date=24 September 2013 |publisher=Bloody Elbow |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2014-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112140710/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/9/24/4762484/judo-chop-chris-clements-spinning-sweep-kick-stephen-thompson-gif-andy-hug |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is known as "''[[gancho]]''" in [[capoeira]].

There are many variations of the hook kick, generally based on different foot work: rear- or front-leg, oblique or half-pivot, dropping, spin-back and more. The hook kick can be delivered with a near-straight leg at impact, or with a hooked finish (''kake'' in Japanese karate) where the leg bends before impact to catch the target from behind. An important variation is the downward hook kick, delivered as a regular or a spin-back kick, in which the end of the trajectory is diagonally downwards for a surprise effect or following an evading opponent. Another important variation is the whip kick, which strikes with the flat of the foot instead of heel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blackbeltwiki.com/hook-kick|title=Hook Kick - Martial Arts Technique|access-date=2019-05-11|archive-date=2019-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511101641/https://blackbeltwiki.com/hook-kick|url-status=live}}</ref>

The hook kick is mainly used to strike the jaw area of an opponent, but is also highly effective in the temple region.

===L===
{{Further|L-kick}}
An L-kick, also called ''aú batido'', is a movement in [[breakdancing]], capoeira and other martial arts and dance forms. It is executed by throwing the body into a [[Cartwheel (gymnastics)|cartwheel]] motion, but rather than completing the wheel, the body flexes while supported by one hand on the ground.  One leg is brought downwards and forwards in a kicking motion while the other remains in the air (giving rise to the name).

===Reverse roundhouse/wheel===
[[Image:Triple Reverse Turning Kick Combo Samuel Lee.gif|thumb|200px|Low, middle and high reverse roundhouse kicks performed in succession|alt=|left]]
In Japanese, {{Nihongo|ushiro mawashi geri|後ろ回し蹴り}}; in Korean, {{Transliteration|ko|bandae dollyo chagi}} ({{lang|ko|반대 돌려 차기}}), {{Transliteration|ko|dwit hu ryo chagi}}, {{Transliteration|ko|nakkio mom dollyo chagi}} or {{Transliteration|ko|parryo chagi}}.

This kick is also known as a "heel kick", "turning kick", "reverse round kick", "spinning hook kick", "spin kick", or "wheel kick".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/11/11/5081204/ufn-31-rustam-khabilov-jorge-masvidal-spinning-kick-gif-ko-mma-technique-judo-chop |title=UFN 31 Judo Chop: Rustam Khabilov's Spinning Hook Kick |work=Bloody Elbow |date=11 November 2013 |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122082954/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/11/11/5081204/ufn-31-rustam-khabilov-jorge-masvidal-spinning-kick-gif-ko-mma-technique-judo-chop |url-status=live }}</ref> A low reverse roundhouse is also known as a "sweep kick" or "sitting spin kick", however, in some martial arts circles, when aimed at a downward angle to the anterior side of the knee it is commonly referred to as a "shark kick" due to its tendency to tear the anterior cruciate ligament. 
A reverse roundhouse kick traditionally uses the protruding point on the backside of the heel to strike with, the kicking leg coming from around the kicker's back as they pivot and the knee remaining relatively straight on the follow through, unlike the leg position in a reverse hooking kick, despite the spinning motion and the part of the heel being roughly the same. Variations exist for low, middle and high heights. Spinning and leaping variations of the kick are also popular and are often showcased in film and television media. At [[UFC 142]], [[Edson Barboza]] knocked out [[Terry Etim]] using a wheel kick in the third round of their fight, the first such in the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]].

A similarly named but technically different kick, is the [[roundhouse kick]] performed by turning as if for a back straight kick and executing a roundhouse kick. It is known as a "reverse roundhouse kick" because the kicker turns in the opposite, or "reverse", direction before the kick is executed. This kick strikes with the ball of the foot for power or the top of the foot for range. This was exhibited by [[Bruce Lee]] on numerous occasions in his films ''[[Enter the Dragon]]'', ''[[Fist of Fury]]'' and ''[[The Big Boss]]''. [[Bill Wallace (martial artist)|Bill Wallace]] was also a great user of this kick, as seen in his fight with Bill Briggs, where he knocked his opponent out with the clocked 60&nbsp;mph kick.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=FightBack Live with Bill Wallace|url=https://blackbeltmag.com/bill-wallace|access-date=2021-08-28|website=Black Belt Magazine|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828165740/https://blackbeltmag.com/bill-wallace|url-status=live}}</ref> The jump spin hook kick was popularized in the mid-eighties by Steven Ho in open martial art competitions.

In Olympic format (sport) taekwondo, this technique is performed using the balls of the feet and in a manner similar to a [[back kick|back thrust]], rather than the circular technique adopted in other styles of martial arts.[[Image:Flying back kick Samuel Lee.gif|thumb|Flying back kick. ''The running-up part of the flying kick sequence is cut off in this animation, so only the jumping component of the kick is seen''.]]

===Flying===
{{Further|Flying kick}}
A flying kick, in martial arts, is a general description of kicks that involve a running start, jump, then a kick in mid-air.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uv-ZDQtEnDUC&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA87 | isbn=9780897501293 | title=Advanced Dynamic Kicks | year=1986 | publisher=Black Belt Communications | access-date=2023-03-19 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425162118/https://books.google.com/books?id=uv-ZDQtEnDUC&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA87 | url-status=live }}</ref> Compared to a regular kick, the user is able to achieve greater momentum from the run at the start. Flying kicks are not to be mistaken for jumping kicks, which are similar maneuvers. A jumping kick is very similar to a flying kick, except that it lacks the running start and the user simply jumps and kicks from a stationary position.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6toDAAAAMBAJ&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA56|title=Black Belt|date=October 17, 1988|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|access-date=December 22, 2022|archive-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513045733/https://books.google.com/books?id=6toDAAAAMBAJ&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA56|url-status=live}}</ref> Flying kicks are often derived from the basic kicks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdsDAAAAMBAJ&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA44|title=Black Belt|date=October 17, 1986|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|access-date=December 22, 2022|archive-date=April 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425162116/https://books.google.com/books?id=zdsDAAAAMBAJ&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA44|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the more commonly known flying kicks are the: flying side kick, flying back kick and the flying [[roundhouse kick]], as well as the flying [[reverse roundhouse kick]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stcDAAAAMBAJ&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA26|title=Black Belt|date=February 17, 1991|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|access-date=December 22, 2022|archive-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513045732/https://books.google.com/books?id=stcDAAAAMBAJ&dq=flying+kick&pg=PA26|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Flying kicks]] are commonly practiced in [[Taekwondo]], [[Karate]], [[Chinese martial arts|Wushu]] and Muay Thai for fitness, exhibitions and competition. It is known as {{Transliteration|ja|tobi geri}} in Japanese martial arts and {{Transliteration|ko|twyo chagi}} in Taekwondo.

====Showtime====
The showtime kick gained notability after being used by [[mixed martial arts|mixed martial artist]] [[Anthony Pettis]], during his fight against [[Benson Henderson]] on December 16, at [[WEC 53]] for the [[List of WEC champions#Lightweight Championship|WEC Lightweight Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Damon|url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/henderson-vs-pettis-official-for-wec-dec-16|title=HENDERSON VS. PETTIS OFFICIAL FOR WEC DEC 16|date=September 23, 2010|publisher=MMAweekly.com|access-date=May 5, 2020|archive-date=May 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505100841/https://www.mmaweekly.com/henderson-vs-pettis-official-for-wec-dec-16|url-status=live}}</ref> In the fifth round Pettis ran up the cage, jumped off the cage, then landed a [[Flying kick|switch kick]] while airborne. Sports reporters later named this the "showtime kick".<ref>{{cite web |last=Ciccarelli |first=Mitch |date=December 17, 2011 |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/546273-anthony-pettis-kick-and-the-best-finishing-moves-in-mma-history |title=Anthony Pettis' Kick and the Best Finishing Moves in MMA History |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |access-date=June 27, 2018 |archive-date=August 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828154201/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/546273-anthony-pettis-kick-and-the-best-finishing-moves-in-mma-history |url-status=live }}</ref> The kick was also used by mixed martial artists: [[Zabit Magomedsharipov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punditarena.com/mma/sraftery/watch-ufc-prospect-hits-awesome-showtime-kick-scores-finish-calls-artem-lobov/|title=Watch: UFC Prospect Hits Sensational 'Showtime Kick', Scores Finish, Calls Out Artem Lobov - Pundit Arena|website=www.punditarena.com|date=September 3, 2017|access-date=November 9, 2018|archive-date=October 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070345/http://www.punditarena.com/mma/sraftery/watch-ufc-prospect-hits-awesome-showtime-kick-scores-finish-calls-artem-lobov/|url-status=live}}</ref> and others. The kick was featured in the movie ''[[Here Comes the Boom]]''.

===Scissor===
{{Further|Scissor kick (martial arts)}}

Several kicks may be called a scissor kick, involving swinging out the legs to kick multiple targets or using the legs to [[Takedown (grappling)|take down]] an opponent.

The popularized version of a scissor kick is, while lying down, or jumping, the kicker brings both legs to both sides of the opponent's legs or to their body and head, then brings both in as a take down (as the name states, leg motions are like that of a pair of scissors).

The scissor kick in Taekwondo is called ''kawi chagi''. In capoeira it is called ''tesoura'' (scissors).

Scissor kicks and other variants are also commonly applied in [[Vovinam]].

===Spinning heel===
[[File:Summer Rae Spinning Heel Kick on Sasha Banks.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Summer Rae]] setting up to perform a spinning heel kick on [[Sasha Banks]]]]
A spinning heel kick is where the artist turns their body 360 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s before landing the heel or the ball of their foot on the target. It is found in Muay Thai and is known in Capoeira as armada.

===Vertical (thrust, push, and side)===
A vertical kick involves bringing the knee forward and across the chest, then swinging the hip while extending the kicking leg outward, striking with the outside ("sword") edge of the foot. In karate this is called a ''yoko geri keage,'' in Taekwondo it is referred to as ''sewo chagi'' and can be performed as either an inward (''anuro'') or outward (''bakuro'') kick.

===Multiple/machine gun===
In Japanese karate, the term ''ren geri'' is used for several kicks performed in succession. Old karate did not promote the use of the legs for weapons as much as modern karate does, seeing them as being too open for countering, in modern sport karate (non-traditional) competitions, however, the ability to use multiple kicks without setting the foot down has become a viable option, not only for effectiveness but also for stylish aesthetics.

In taekwondo, three types of multiple kick are distinguished:

* Double kick (''i-jung chagi''): two kicks of the same type executed in succession by the same foot in the same direction.
* Consecutive kick (''yonsok chagi''): two or more kicks executed in succession by the same foot but in different directions, or with different attacking tools.
* Combination kick (''honhap chagi''): two or more kicks executed in succession by both feet.

One such multiple kick commonly seen in taekwondo, is a somewhat complex side kick where a high side kick is followed by a low side kick which is in turn followed by a more powerful side kick.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6toDAAAAMBAJ&dq=machine+gun+kick&pg=PA56|title=Black Belt|date=October 17, 1988|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|access-date=December 22, 2022|archive-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513045735/https://books.google.com/books?id=6toDAAAAMBAJ&dq=machine+gun+kick&pg=PA56|url-status=live}}</ref> This combination is done rapidly and is meant not for multiple targets but for a single one. A multiple kick usually targets the face, thigh and chest, but in turn can be a multiple chest attack which is useful for knocking the breath out of an attacker. A multiple kick is usually involves shooting the leg forward as in a front kick and then pivoting and turning so as to actually deliver a side kick. That style has far less power but is much faster and more deceptive, which is what the multiple kick was designed for. The multiple kick, unlike some side or side blade kicks, never uses the outer edge of the foot; it is intended solely for the heel to be used as the impact point.  Depending on the strength and skill of the attacker and the attacked, the combination can be highly effective or highly ineffective when compared to more pragmatic attacks. In some encounters with highly trained and conditioned fighters, multiple side-kicks have seen disastrous results against the abs of their target.