Editing Liquid crystal on silicon (section)

==Other LCoS applications==

===Optical pulse shaping===
The ability of an LCoS-based WSS to independently control both the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal leads to the more general ability to manipulate the amplitude and/or phase of an optical pulse through a process known as Fourier-domain pulse shaping.<ref>{{cite journal|author= Weiner, A.M.|url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/~fsoptics/articles/Femtosecond_pulse_shaping-Weiner.pdf|doi=10.1063/1.1150614|title=Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators|journal= Rev. Sci. Instrum. |volume=71|issue=5|pages= 1929–1960 |year=2000|bibcode=2000RScI...71.1929W }}</ref> This process requires full characterisation of the input pulse in both the time and spectral domains.

As an example, an LCoS-based Programmable Optical Processor (POP) has been used to broaden a mode-locked laser output into a 20&nbsp;nm supercontinuum source whilst a second such device was used to compress the output to 400 fs, transform-limited pulses.<ref>A. M. Clarke, D. G. Williams, M. A. F. Roelens, M. R. E. Lamont, and B. J. Eggleton, "Parabolic pulse shaping for enhanced continuum generation using an LCoS-based wavelength selective switch," in 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) 2009.</ref> Passive mode-locking of fiber lasers has been demonstrated at high repetition rates, but inclusion of an LCoS-based POP allowed the phase content of the spectrum to be changed to flip the pulse train of a passively mode-locked laser from bright to dark pulses.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Schroeder, Jochen B. |title=Dark and Bright Pulse Passive Mode-locked Laser with In-cavity Pulse-shaper|journal=Optics Express |volume=18|issue= 22 |year= 2010|pages=22715–22721|pmid=21164610|doi=10.1364/OE.18.022715|bibcode=2010OExpr..1822715S |doi-access=free}}</ref> A similar approach uses spectral shaping of optical frequency combs to create multiple pulse trains. For example, a 10&nbsp;GHz optical frequency comb was shaped by the POP to generate dark parabolic pulses and Gaussian pulses, at 1540&nbsp;nm and 1560&nbsp;nm, respectively.<ref>Ng, T. T. et al. (2009) "Complete Temporal Optical Fourier Transformations Using Dark Parabolic Pulses," in 35th European Conference on Optical Communication.</ref>

=== Light structuring===
[[Structured light]] using a fast ferroelectric LCoS is used in 3D-[[superresolution]] microscopy techniques and in [[fringe projection]] for 3D-[[automated optical inspection]].

===Modal switching in space division multiplexed optical communications systems===

One of the interesting applications of LCoS is the ability to transform between modes of few-moded optical fibers<ref>{{cite journal|title=Mode-Division Multiplexing of 2×100 Gb/s Channels Using an LCOS-Based Spatial Modulator|journal=Journal of Lightwave Technology|volume=30|issue=4|pages=618|doi=10.1109/JLT.2011.2178394|year=2012|last1=Salsi|first1=Massimiliano|last2=Koebele|first2=Clemens|last3=Sperti|first3=Donato|last4=Tran|first4=Patrice|last5=Mardoyan|first5=Haik|last6=Brindel|first6=Patrick|last7=Bigo|first7=Sébastien|last8=Boutin|first8=Aurélien|last9=Verluise|first9=Frédéric|last10=Sillard|first10=Pierre|last11=Astruc|first11=Marianne|last12=Provost|first12=Lionel|last13=Charlet|first13=Gabriel|bibcode=2012JLwT...30..618S |s2cid=38004325 }}</ref> which have been proposed as the basis of higher capacity transmission systems in the future. Similarly LCoS has been used to steer light into selected cores of multicore fiber transmission systems, again as a type of Space Division Multiplexing.

===Tunable lasers===
LCoS has been used as a filtering technique, and hence a tuning mechanism, for both semiconductor diode and fiber lasers.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Xiao, Feng |title=Opto-VLSI-based Tunable Single-mode Fiber Laser|journal= Optics Express |volume=17|issue= 21 |year= 2009|pages= 18676–18680|pmid=20372600|doi=10.1364/OE.17.018676|bibcode=2009OExpr..1718676X |url=https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1565&context=ecuworks|doi-access=free}}</ref>