Editing Local area network (section)

=== Early installations ===
{{Home networking standards}}
The increasing demand and usage of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between computer systems. A 1970 report from the [[Lawrence Radiation Laboratory]] detailing the growth of their "Octopus" network gave a good indication of the situation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rogerdmoore.ca/PS/OCTOA/OCTO.html |title=Octopus: The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Network |author=Samuel F. Mendicino |publisher=Rogerdmoore.ca |date=1970-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202409/http://www.rogerdmoore.ca/PS/OCTOA/OCTO.html |archive-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |osti=4045588 |title=THE LAWRENCE RADIATION LABORATORY OCTOPUS |journal=Courant Symposium Series on Networks |date=29 Nov 1970 |publisher=Osti.gov |last1=Mendicino |first1=S. F.}}</ref>

A number of experimental and early commercial LAN technologies were developed in the 1970s. [[Ethernet]] was developed at [[Xerox PARC]] between 1973 and 1974.<ref name="metcalfe video">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5MezxMcRmk |title=The History of Ethernet |publisher=NetEvents.tv |year=2006 |access-date=September 10, 2011}}{{cbignore}} Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/g5MezxMcRmk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120113032536/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5MezxMcRmk Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_687626 |title=Ethernet Prototype Circuit Board |year=1973 |publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of American History |access-date=September 2, 2007 |archive-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028132431/http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_687626 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cambridge Ring (computer network)|Cambridge Ring]] was developed at Cambridge University starting in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/conference/EDSAC99/history.html |title=A brief informal history of the Computer Laboratory |publisher=University of Cambridge |date=20 December 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113213834/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/conference/EDSAC99/history.html |archive-date=13 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>  [[ARCNET]] was developed by [[Datapoint]] Corporation in 1976 and announced in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arcnet.com/resources/HistoryATA.pdf|title=ARCNET Timeline|date=Fall 1998|publisher=ARCNETworks magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414155134/http://www.arcnet.com/resources/HistoryATA.pdf|archive-date=2010-04-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> It had the first commercial installation in December 1977 at [[Chase Manhattan Bank]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lamont Wood |url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2538907/networking/the-lan-turns-30--but-will-it-reach-40-.html |title=The LAN turns 30, but will it reach 40? |work=Computerworld |date=2008-01-31 |access-date=2016-06-02 |archive-date=2016-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630130355/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2538907/networking/the-lan-turns-30--but-will-it-reach-40-.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1979,<ref name="European Parliament Archives-2021">{{Cite web|last=European Parliament Archives|date=January 25, 2021|title=Voting system Tender Specifications - 1979 |url=https://enricomassetti.com/the-european-parliament-electronic-voting-system/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616175401/https://enricomassetti.com/the-european-parliament-electronic-voting-system/|archive-date=June 16, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[electronic voting in the European Parliament|electronic voting system for the European Parliament]] was the first installation of a LAN connecting hundreds (420) of microprocessor-controlled voting terminals to a polling/selecting central unit with a [[multidrop bus]] with [[Master/slave (technology)]] arbitration.{{dubious|date=January 2021|Claim to first LAN/on of first LANs for Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament}} It used 10 kilometers of simple [[unshielded twisted pair]] [[category 3 cable]]—the same cable used for telephone systems—installed inside the benches of the European Parliament  Hemicycles in Strasbourg and Luxembourg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2021 |title=Italian TV network RAI on the voting system |url=https://vimeo.com/504531637 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117220933/https://vimeo.com/504531637 |archive-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>

The development and proliferation of [[personal computer]]s using the [[CP/M]] operating system in the late 1970s, and later [[DOS]]-based systems starting in 1981, meant that many sites grew to dozens or even hundreds of computers. The initial driving force for networking was to share [[Computer data storage|storage]] and [[Printer (computing)|printers]], both of which were expensive at the time. There was much enthusiasm for the concept, and for several years, from about 1983 onward, computer industry pundits habitually declared the coming year to be, "The year of the LAN".<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46|title=Will The Year of the ISDN be 1994 or 1995?|first=Robert|last=Metcalfe|quote='The Year of The LAN' is a long-standing joke, and I freely admit to being the comedian that first declared it in 1982...|journal=InfoWorld|date=Dec 27, 1993|volume=15|issue=52|access-date=June 14, 2021|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614014127/https://books.google.com/books?id=FzsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/java/quotes1999.html|title=Quotes in 1999|quote=...you will remember numerous computer magazines, over numerous years, announcing 'the year of the LAN.'|website=Cafe au Lait Java News and Resources|access-date=2011-02-25|archive-date=2016-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414043142/http://www.ibiblio.org/java/quotes1999.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://herot.typepad.com/cherot/2010/10/connected-health-symposium.html|title=Christopher Herot's Weblog|quote=...a bit like the Year of the LAN which computer industry pundits predicted for the good part of a decade...|first=Christopher|last=Herot|access-date=2023-10-21}}</ref>