Editing Lycopene (section)

==Research and potential health effects==
A 2020 review of [[randomized controlled trial]]s found conflicting evidence for lycopene having an effect on [[cardiovascular disease|cardiovascular]] [[Risk factor (epidemiology)|risk factor]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tierney |first1=Audrey |last2=Rumble |first2=Chloe |last3=Billings |first3=Lauren |last4=George |first4=Elena |date=2020 |title=Effect of Dietary and Supplemental Lycopene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |url= |journal=Advances in Nutrition |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=1453–1488 |doi=10.1093/advances/nmaa069 |pmid=32652029|pmc=7666898 }}</ref> whereas a 2017 review concluded that tomato products and lycopene supplementation reduced [[blood lipids]] and [[blood pressure]].<ref name="ChengKoutsidis2017">{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=Ho Ming|last2=Koutsidis|first2=Georgios|last3=Lodge|first3=John K.|last4=Ashor|first4=Ammar|last5=Siervo|first5=Mario|last6=Lara|first6=José|title=Tomato and lycopene supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Atherosclerosis|volume=257|year=2017|pages=100–108|issn=0021-9150|doi=10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.009|pmid=28129549|s2cid=19287598 |url=http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/29320/1/Cheng_etal_Atherosclerosis_January_2017_NRL.pdf}}</ref> 

A 2015 review found that dietary lycopene was associated with reduced risk of [[prostate cancer]],<ref name="Chen">{{cite journal|display-authors=3 | last1=Chen | first1=Ping | last2=Zhang | first2=Wenhao | last3=Wang | first3=Xiao | last4=Zhao | first4=Keke | last5=Negi | first5=Devendra Singh | last6=Zhuo | first6=Li | last7=Qi | first7=Mao | last8=Wang | first8=Xinghuan | last9=Zhang | first9=Xinhua | title=Lycopene and Risk of Prostate Cancer | journal=Medicine | volume=94 | issue=33 | date=2015-08-21 | issn=0025-7974 | pmid=26287411 | pmc=4616444 | doi=10.1097/md.0000000000001260 | page=e1260}}</ref> whereas a 2021 [[meta-analysis]] found that dietary lycopene did not affect prostate cancer risk.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Jie |last2=Ke |first2=Dandan |last3=He |first3=Qingwei |date=2021 |title=Dietary Tomato Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis |journal=Frontiers in Nutrition |volume=8 |pages=625185 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2021.625185 |issn=2296-861X |pmc=8129008 |pmid=34017849|doi-access=free }}</ref> Other reviews concluded that research has been insufficient to establish whether lycopene consumption affects human health.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=3850026|year=2010|last1=Story|first1=EN|title=An Update on the Health Effects of Tomato Lycopene|journal=Annual Review of Food Science and Technology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=189–210|last2=Kopec|first2=R. E|last3=Schwartz|first3=S. J|last4=Harris|first4=G. K|doi=10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124120|pmid=22129335}}</ref>

===Regulatory status in Europe and the United States===

In a review of literature on lycopene and its potential benefit in the diet, the [[European Food Safety Authority]] concluded there was insufficient evidence for lycopene having antioxidant effects in humans, particularly in skin, heart function, or vision protection from [[ultraviolet light]].<ref name="efsa">{{cite journal|journal=EFSA Journal|volume=9|issue=4|year=2011|title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to lycopene and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1608, 1609, 1611, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1899, 1942, 2081, 2082, 2142, 2374), protection of the skin from UV-induced (including photo-oxidative) damage (ID 1259, 1607, 1665, 2143, 2262, 2373), contribution to normal cardiac function (ID 1610, 2372), and maintenance of normal vision (ID 1827) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006|doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2031 |page=2031|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Although lycopene from tomatoes has been tested in humans for cardiovascular diseases and prostate cancer, no effect on any disease was found.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Qualified Health Claims: Letter Regarding Tomatoes and Prostate Cancer (Lycopene Health Claim Coalition) (Docket No. 2004Q-0201) (Updated 9 July 2015)|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm072767.htm|date=8 November 2005|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722101944/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm072767.htm|archive-date=22 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The US [[Food and Drug Administration]], in rejecting manufacturers' requests in 2005 to allow "qualified labeling" for lycopene and the reduction of various cancer risks, provided a conclusion that remains in effect {{Asof|2015|lc=y}}:
{{blockquote |text=no studies provided information about whether lycopene intake may reduce the risk of any of the specific forms of cancer. Based on the above, FDA concludes that there is no credible evidence supporting a relationship between lycopene consumption, either as a food ingredient, a component of food, or as a dietary supplement, and any of these cancers.<ref name=ReferenceA/>}}

In a review of research through 2024, the US [[National Cancer Institute]] concluded that the FDA has not approved the use of lycopene as effective for treating any medical condition, including various types of cancer.<ref name="nci">{{cite web |title=Lycopene |url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/prostate-supplements-pdq#_16 |publisher=US National Cancer Institute |access-date=14 September 2024 |date=5 April 2024}}</ref>