Editing Manticore (section)

==== French mistransmission ====
The manticore is basically absent from the French bestiary of Pierre de Beauvais,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|For Pierre de Beauvais's bestiary (in French), the probable direct source was [[Honorius Augustodunensis]] which derived from Pliny and Solinus.{{sfnp|McCulloch|1962|p=191, n205}}}} which exist in the short versions of 38 or 39 chapters, and the long version of 71 chapters. Instead, there is a Chapter 44 on the "centicore" (or santicora, var. ceucrocata{{sfnp|McCulloch|1962|p=191, n205}}), which suggests manticore in name, but which is nothing like the standard manticore.{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Standard manticore, i.e., such as described in the [[Hugo de Folieto|pseudo Hugo de St. Victor]]<!--''Hist. Litt.'' '''34''':388, note (1): "{{lang|fr|..mais le description de la manticore, dans le faux Hugues de Saint-Victor, est très differénte de celle du Bestiaire de Pierre}}".-->, McCulloch's so-called "H" text, cf. explanatory note, ''supra''.}}<ref name="hist_litt_tome34"/>{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|At least in the Pierre mss. known in France. But the manticore is included in the Vatican codex of Pierre de Beauvais (longer version) according to Badke.<ref name="badke-mss-manticore"/>}} The name is thought to have arisen from misspellings of leucrocotta, compounded by the suffix replaced by -cora by scribal error.{{Refn|The "leucrocota" is given written "ceucocroca" by [[Honorius Augustodunensis|Honorius]], aforementioned as Pierre de Beauvais's source. The ceu- being misread as "cen- in a manuscript" is "not improbable". "And doubtless the ending -ticora was the result of a scribe's attention dropping down a few lines in his source to the word manticora".{{sfnp|McCulloch|1962|p=191, n205}}}} Due to further mistransmission, "centicore" became the French misnomer for the [[Yale (mythical creature)|yale]] (''eale''), a mythic antelope which should be a separate entry in the bestiaries.{{Refn|As according to [[George Claridge Druce|George C. Druce]] (1911) McCulloch explains that [[Gautier de Metz|Gauthier]] (Gossouin de Metz), in his ''Image du Monde'' gave the name "centicore", "leucrota", followed by a chapter on the yale but leaving out a name. This later caused a merge of "centicore" with description of the yale.{{sfnp|McCulloch|1962|p=191}}}}

Neither manticore nor leucrotta ({{langx|fr|lucrote}}) appears in [[Philippe de Thaun]]'s bestiary in [[Anglo-Norman literature|Anglo-Norman verse]].<ref name="uhl"/><ref name="philip-de-thaun"/>{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Even though Badke lists Philippe de Thaun ([[List of manuscripts in the Cotton library#Nero|MS Cotton Nero A V]]) as well as a manuscript of ''Image du Monde'' (the aforementioned testament to "centicore") as including manticore.<ref name="badke-mss-manticore"/>}}