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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
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=== CRISM === {{Main|CRISM}} The '''Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)''' instrument is a [[VNIR|visible and near infrared]] [[spectrometer]] that is used to produce detailed maps of the surface [[mineralogy]] of Mars.<ref name="CRISM Instrument Overview"/> It operates from 362 to 3920 nm, measures the [[Electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]] in 544 [[Channel (digital image)|channels]] (each 6.55 nm wide), and has a resolution of {{convert|18|m|abbr=on}} at an altitude of {{convert|300|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CRISM Instrument Overview"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=CRISM |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/instruments/crism/ |access-date=January 20, 2023 |website=NASA MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112191737/https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/instruments/crism/ |url-status=live }}</ref> CRISM is being used to identify minerals and chemicals indicative of the past or present existence of water on the surface of Mars. These materials include [[iron oxide]]s, [[phyllosilicates]], and [[carbonates]], which have characteristic patterns in their visible-infrared energy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Murchie |first1=Scott L. |last2=Mustard |first2=John F. |last3=Ehlmann |first3=Bethany L. |last4=Milliken |first4=Ralph E. |last5=Bishop |first5=Janice L. |last6=McKeown |first6=Nancy K. |last7=Noe Dobrea |first7=Eldar Z. |last8=Seelos |first8=Frank P. |last9=Buczkowski |first9=Debra L. |last10=Wiseman |first10=Sandra M. |last11=Arvidson |first11=Raymond E. |last12=Wray |first12=James J. |last13=Swayze |first13=Gregg |last14=Clark |first14=Roger N. |last15=Des Marais |first15=David J. |date=2009-09-22 |title=A synthesis of Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |language=en |volume=114 |issue=E2 |pages=E00D06 |doi=10.1029/2009JE003342 |bibcode=2009JGRE..114.0D06M |issn=0148-0227|doi-access=free }}</ref> The CRISM instrument was shut down on April 3, 2023.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-extends-exploration-for-8-planetary-science-missions | title=NASA Extends Exploration for 8 Planetary Science Missions | date=April 25, 2022 | access-date=April 26, 2022 | archive-date=April 26, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426215212/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-extends-exploration-for-8-planetary-science-missions/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
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