Editing Microexpression (section)

==Universality==
[[File:Universal emotions7.JPG|thumb|253x253px|Universal facial expressions]]
A significant amount of research has been done in respect to whether basic facial expressions are universal or are culturally distinct. After [[Charles Darwin]]  had written ''The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals'' it was widely accepted that facial expressions of emotion are universal and biologically determined.<ref>Darwin, C. (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: John Murray.</ref> Many writers have disagreed with this statement. [[David Matsumoto]] however agreed with this statement in his study of sighted and blind Olympians. Using thousands of photographs captured at the 2004 Olympic and Paralympic Games, Matsumoto compared the facial expressions of sighted and blind judo athletes, including individuals who were born blind. All competitors displayed the same expressions in response to winning and losing.<ref name="autogenerated1">Bible, E. (2009, January 7). Smiles and frowns are innate, not learned. Retrieved from San Francisco State University: http://www.sfsu.edu/news/2009/spring/1.html</ref> Matsumoto discovered that both blind and sighted competitors displayed similar facial expression, during winnings and loss. These results suggest that our ability to modify our faces to fit the social setting is not learned visually.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Matsumoto also has training tools he has created on his website that teaches people how to identify micro and subtle facial expressions of emotion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Humintell Products |url=https://www.humintell.com/products-3/ |website=Humintell |publisher=[[David Matsumoto]] |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>