Editing Model car (section)

== Collecting ==
Organized collecting of model cars developed shortly after the models first appeared on the market. Even before such companies as Corgi and Dinky were ten years old, adults were collecting them, particularly in the UK and the USA.{{sfn|Gibson|1970|p=10}} Often, as well, adults seek the joys of childhood, collecting what they had destroyed in youth or what their parents had thrown away.{{sfn|Ragan|2000|p=6}} This also lead to the foundation of the [[Diecast Hall of Fame]] in 2009.

===The adult collector===
Many manufacturers began catering to the adult collector market. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, David Sinclair in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]], was important in bringing new, more sophisticated and rarely produced years and makes to the United States.{{sfn|Donnelly|2012}}{{page needed|date=April 2021}} Model brands like [[RIO Models|Rio]], [[Western Models]], [[Brooklin Models|Brooklin]], Idea3 and Pirate Models were sold to adult collectors for the first time.{{sfn|Donnelly|2012|pp=56&ndash;57}} Many of these were handmade in white metal in fewer numbers. Also in the early 1970s, craftsmen like Carlo Brianza and Michelle Conti started making ultra-detailed large replicas in Italy and Spain – costing hundreds or even thousands of dollars.{{sfn|Harvey|1974|pp=1995&ndash;1997}} In addition, the company [[Pocher]], from Italy, made extremely complex kits in 1:8 scale{{sfn|Harvey|1974|p=1995}}
[[File:1952 Nash-Healey Le Mans lightweight.JPG|thumb|left|250px|1952 [[Nash-Healey]] LeMans model.]]
Around the early 1990s, many began to collect and record vehicle variations in miniature (in a manner similar to [[Stamp collecting|stamp]] or [[coin collecting]]) which led to rising values, especially for rare models (for an example, see Parker 1993). This led to mass producers such as Matchbox (specifically with its Models of Yesteryear series) and Corgi intentionally catering to a higher-price market segment with exclusive 'limited editions' of collectible vehicles.{{sfn|Stoneback|2002|p=48}} Thus, this smaller movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s gradually gave rise to a huge premium market segment by the early 1990s.

===Licensing===
The collectors' market also led to licensing aspects not known until the 1980s. In the 1950s and 1960s, models were produced spontaneously without licensing agreements, and real auto manufacturers saw it as free advertising.{{sfn|Clor|1990}}{{page needed|date=April 2021}} Today, model companies have licensing arrangements with real car manufacturers to make replicas of their products, whether they be concepts, cars in current production, or models no longer produced.

Licenses appear on models where model car manufacturers enter similar licensing agreements. Licenses are expensive, which enhances the position of mass producers of model cars, while smaller companies have been marginalized and forced out of business.{{sfn|Clor|1990}}{{page needed|date=April 2021}} For example, when [[Ferrari]] entered into an exclusive agreement with Mattel's Hot Wheels, companies like Solido and [[Bburago]] felt the crunch, and Bburago went out of business (though the name was eventually reacquired by Maisto).

===Collectible manufacturers and locations===
Manufacturers focusing on premium models, usually in white metal and sometimes resin, include [[Brooklin Models]], [[Western Models]], Enchantment Land, Conquest / Madison, Durham Classics, Elegance Models, Mini Auto Emporium, Mini Marque, Motor City USA, Tron, Starter, RacingModels, SMTS and Victory.{{sfn|Olson|2008|pp=137&ndash;154}} Several of these started production in the 1970s and 1980s and were handmade in the United States, Canada, or England with the occasional constructor in France, Belgium or the Netherlands. A couple of geographical oddities include [[Sergio Goldvarg|Goldvarg]] (made in Argentina) and some early Milestone Models which were made in South Africa. [[Mail order]] companies like [[Franklin Mint]] and [[Danbury Mint]] also focus on the collector market, though in a more popular vein.
[[File:CMC Maserati 250 F.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Maserati 250F|Maserati 250]] Grand Prix model.]]
Since 2000, more than fifty different diecast, resin and white metal manufacturers in England, France, Italy, Ukraine and Russia have exploded onto the adult collector market. These include Spark which focus on motorsport such as 24h Le Mans and F1, Bizarre is the brand dedicated to the unusual and extraordinary in the car world, FDS, YOW Modellini (from Japan) and many others. Since 2000, companies like Altaya, Ixo, and Model Car World (for example, with its White Box line) have been started in Europe – with production increasingly seen in China. Many of these producers have focused on global auto marques producing vehicles that were produced in Russia or Brazil. Some of these companies only produce kits – others produce kits and build them up to order. Still others are professional kit builders, who do not produce the kits themselves.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}}