Editing Modoc people (section)

===Applegate Trail established===
Brothers [[Jesse Applegate|Jesse]] and [[Lindsay Applegate]], accompanied by 13 other white settlers, established the [[Applegate Trail]], or South Emigrant Trail, in 1846. It connected a point on the [[Oregon Trail]] near [[Fort Hall, Idaho]], and the [[Willamette Valley]] in western Oregon.<ref>Barr, p. 275</ref> The new route was created to encourage European-Americans to come to western Oregon, and to eliminate the hazards encountered on the Columbia Route.<ref>''Soil Survey of Douglas County Area'', p. 20</ref> Since the Hudson's Bay Company controlled the Columbia Route, development of an alternate route enabled migration even if there was trouble between the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref>Grubbs, p. 25</ref> The Applegate brothers became the first known white people in present-day [[Lava Beds National Monument]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Nature Notes from Crater Lake|volume=10|issue=1|date=June 1937|location=Crater Lake National Park, Oregon|publisher=National Park Service|title=Outline of Events in the History of the Modoc War|last=Fisher|first=Don C.|oclc=15927646}}</ref>

The opening of the Applegate Trail appeared to bring the first regular contact between the Modoc and the European-American settlers, who had largely ignored their territory before.<ref>Pease, pp. 60–66</ref> Many of the events of the [[Modoc War]] took place along the trail.<ref>Philip, p. 66</ref>