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Muhammad bin Tughluq
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==Personality== [[File:Muhammad bin Tughlaq on the throne - Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|Muhammad bin Tughlaq on the throne - Indian Museum, Kolkata (1534).]] Tughluq was a strict Muslim, maintaining his five prayers during a day, used to fast in Ramadan. According to 19th century CE [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] historian Stanley Lane-Poole, apparently courtesans had hailed Tughluq as a "man of knowledge" and had an interest in subjects like philosophy, medicine, mathematics, religion, Persian and Urdu/Hindustani poetry. In his "''Medieval India''", "He was perfect in the humanities of his day, a keen student of Persian poetry{{nbsp}}... a master of style, supremely eloquent in an age of rhetoric, a philosopher trained in Logic and Greek metaphysics, with whom scholars feared to argue, a mathematician and lover of science."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Medieval India (Under Mohammadan Rule A.D 712β1764)|last=Lane-Poole|first=Stanley|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|year=2007|isbn=978-969-35-2052-1|location=Lahore, Pakistan|pages=123β126}}</ref> Barani has written that Tughluq wanted the traditions of the ''[[nubuwwah]]'' to be followed in his kingdom.{{sfn|Chandra|2004|p=98}} Even though he did not believe in mysticism, Chandra states that he respected the [[Sufi]] saints, which is evident from the fact of his building of the mausoleum of the saint [[Nizamuddin Auliya]] at [[Nizamuddin Dargah]].{{additional citation needed|date=December 2016}} Critics have called him hasty in nature, owing to most of his experiments failing due to lack of preparation. [[Ibn Battuta]] has also written that he depended on his own judgment and rarely took advice from others and has also criticized him for his giving of excessive gifts and "harsh punishments".{{sfn|Chandra|2004|p=99}} He was famous because whenever a gift was bestowed upon him, he would give gifts worth three times the value to show his stature.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
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