Editing Muhammad ibn al-Qasim (section)

===Reasons for success===
Muhammad ibn al-Qasim's success has been partly ascribed to Dahir being an unpopular Hindu king ruling over a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] majority who saw [[Chach of Alor]] and his kin as usurpers of the [[Rai dynasty]].<ref name="Gier"/> This is attributed to having resulted in support being provided by Buddhists and inclusion of rebel soldiers serving as valuable infantry in his cavalry-heavy force from the Jat and [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]].<ref>"The fall of Multan laid the Indus valley at the feet of the conqueror. The tribes came in, 'ringing bells and beating drums and dancing,' in token of welcome. The Hindu rulers had oppressed them heavily, and the Jats and Meds and other tribes were on the side of the invaders. The work of conquest, as often happened in India, was thus aided by the disunion of the inhabitants, and jealousies of race and creed conspired to help the Muslims. To such suppliants, Mohammad Qasim gave the liberal terms that the Arabs usually offered to all but inveterate foes. He imposed the customary poll tax, took hostages for good conduct, and spared the people's lands and lives. He even left their shrines undesecrated: 'The temples,' he proclaimed, 'shall be inviolate, like the churches of the Christians, the synagogues of the Jews, and the altars of the Magians.'" Stanley Lane-Poole, ''Medieval India under Mohammedan Rule'', 712-1764, G.P. Putnam's Sons. New York, 1970. p. 9-10</ref> Brahman, Buddhist, Greek, and Arab testimony however can be found that attests towards amicable relations between the adherents of the two religions up to the 7th century.<ref name="chachnama">''The Chachnamah, An Ancient History of Sind, Giving the Hindu period down to the Arab Conquest''. (1900). Translated from the Persian by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg. Karachi: Commissioners Press.</ref>

Along with this were:
# Superior military equipment; such as [[siege engines]] and the [[Mongol bow]].<ref name="Gier"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eV262iNGUb4C&q=manjaniks&pg=PA23|title=The Evolution of the Artillery in India: From the Battle of Plassey (1757) to the Revolt of 1857|first=Romesh C.|last=Butalia|date=Jul 30, 1998|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170238720|access-date=Jul 30, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref>
# Troop discipline and leadership.<ref name="Gier"/>
# The concept of Jihad as a morale booster.<ref name="Gier"/>
# Religion, i.e. the widespread belief in the prophecy of Muslim success.<ref name="Gier"/><ref name="chachnama"/>
# The Samanis being persuaded to submit and not take up arms because the majority of the population was Buddhist who were dissatisfied with their rulers, who were Hindu.<ref name="chachnama"/>
# The labouring under disabilities of the [[Lohana]] Jats.<ref name="chachnama"/>
# Defections from among Dahir's chiefs and nobles.<ref name="chachnama"/>