Editing Multiculturalism (section)

===Canada===
{{Main|Multiculturalism in Canada}}
[[File:Sikhs on the move!.jpg|thumb|[[Sikhs]] celebrating the [[List of Sikh festivals|Sikh new year]] in [[Toronto]], [[Canada]]]]

Canadian society is often depicted as being "very [[Progressivism|progressive]], diverse, and multicultural," or a [[just society]] that formally acknowledges several different [[cultures]] and [[beliefs]].<ref name="Cotter2011rt">{{cite book|author=Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter|title=Culture clash: an international legal perspective on ethnic discrimination|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AcvVUevrMYC&pg=PA176|date=28 February 2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-1936-5|page=176}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/socstud/foundation_gr6/blms/6-4-4a.pdf |title=The Just Society |publisher=Government of Manitoba |author=Pierre Elliott Trudeau, as cited in The Essential Trudeau, ed. Ron Graham. (pp. 16–20) |access-date= 6 December 2015}}</ref> Multiculturalism, however, is a misnomer often misidentified as a societal ideal with its associated natural moral sensitivity, whereas it functions as a political instrument for diversity management under official policy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fleras |first=Augie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSk7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA184 |title=Canadian Multiculturalism @50: Retrospect, Perspectives, Prospects |date=2021-07-26 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-46656-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sikka2014v">{{cite book|author=Sonia Sikka|title=Multiculturalism and Religious Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4NLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA237|year=2014|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press|isbn=978-0-7735-9220-9|page=237}}</ref> Multiculturalism was adopted as the official policy of the [[Government of Canada|Canadian government]] during the premiership of [[Pierre Elliott Trudeau]] in the 1970s and 1980s, influenced by factors such as the militant politics of Québécois nationalism, rising Indigenous discontent over the assimilationist policies outlined in the 1969 White Paper, the threat of American cultural annexation, the need to secure ethnic votes in immigrant-rich urban centers, and the appeasement of other European ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XsINAAAAQAAJ&q=multiculturalism%20and%20Pierre%20Elliott%20Trudeau&pg=PA205|title=Place/culture/representation|first1=James S|last1=Duncan|first2=David |last2=Ley|publisher=Routledge|pages=205–06|year=1983|isbn=978-0-415-09451-1|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Peter S. |date=2003-02-24 |title=Cultural Diversity in Canada: The Social Construction of Racial Difference |url=https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/jsp-sjp/rp02_8-dr02_8/index.html |website=Department of Justice, Research and Statistics Division |place=Ottawa}}</ref> 

Multiculturalism is reflected in the law through the [[Canadian Multiculturalism Act]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efc.ca/pages/law/charter/charter.text.html|title=Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Being Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982)|publisher=Electronic Frontier Canada|year=2008|access-date=12 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212155200/http://www.efc.ca/pages/law/charter/charter.text.html|archive-date=12 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-18.7/FullText.html|title=Canadian Multiculturalism Act (1985, c. 24 (4th Supp.)|date=14 November 2010|publisher=Department of Justice Canada|access-date=12 September 2010|archive-date=18 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218032814/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-18.7/FullText.html?noCookie|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Canadian multiculturalism is often seen as cherishing immigrant ways of life from outside the country, and as such, it is looked upon with admiration resulting in dismissing of most critics of the concept.<ref name="WhiteSimeon2009iu">{{cite book|author1=Linda A. White|author2=Richard Simeon|title=The Comparative Turn in Canadian Political Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATny9O-I6bwC&pg=PA102|year= 2009|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-1428-7|page=102}}</ref><ref name="Tierney2011ytg">{{cite book|author=Stephen J Tierney|title=Multiculturalism and the Canadian Constitution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY078NtGPkAC&pg=PA66|year=2011|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-4007-1|page=66}}</ref> The [[Broadcasting Act (1991)|Broadcasting Act of 1991]] asserts the Canadian broadcasting system should reflect the diversity of cultures in the country.<ref name="Raboy">{{cite book|last=Raboy|first=Marc|title=Media Divides: Communication Rights and the Right to Communicate in Canada|year=2010|publisher=University of British Columbia Press|location=Vancouver|isbn=978-0-7748-1775-2|page=104 |author2=Jeremy Shtern |author3=William J. McIveret}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Mahtani|first=Minelle|title=Representing Minorities: Canadian media and minority identities|journal=Canadian Ethnic Studies|year=2001|volume=33|issue=3}}</ref> This conceptual transition of multiculturalism is also reflected in Canada's official discourse, where attitudes about “multiculturalism” have shifted to focus on “diversity,” driven by increasing immigration rates. It now emphasizes Canada's growing multicultural makeup and the diversity of ethnic and racial groups within the country adhering to a politics of recognition, rather than a politics of interrogation that could have been instrumental in addressing dominant power dynamics and the privileges that affect marginalized groups.<ref name="polls">{{cite web |url=http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/research/por-multi-imm/sec02-1.asp |title=A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 2006–2009 |publisher=Government of Canada |date=2011 |access-date= 18 December 2015}}</ref> [[Multiculturalism in Canada]] is often globally recognized as one of the country's significant accomplishments in diversity management, and a key distinguishing element of Canadian national identity.<ref name="Sikka2014v" /><ref name="Caplow2001a">{{cite book|author=Theodore Caplow|title=Leviathan Transformed: Seven National States in the New Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRunB0w4G-EC&pg=PA146|year=2001|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press|isbn=978-0-7735-2304-3|page=146}}</ref>

In a 2002 interview with ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[Aga Khan IV|Karīm al-Hussainī]], the 49th [[Aga Khan]] of the [[Ismaili|Ismaili Muslims]], described Canada as "the most successful [[Pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralist society]] on the face of our globe", citing it as "a model for the world".<ref name="GlobeMail20020202">{{cite news |author=Stackhouse, John |author2=Martin, Patrick |page=F3 |title=Canada: 'A model for the world'|url=http://ismaili.net/timeline/2002/20020202a.html |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=2 February 2002|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref> He explained that the experience of Canadian governance—its commitment to pluralism and its support for the rich multicultural diversity of its people—is something that must be shared and would be of benefit to all societies in other parts of the world.<ref name="GlobeMail20020202"/> ''[[The Economist]]''  ran a cover story in 2016 praising Canada as the most successful multicultural society in the [[Western world|West]].<ref name="The Economist">{{cite news |title = The last liberals Why Canada is still at ease with openness |newspaper = [[The Economist]]|date=29 October 2016|url = https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21709291-why-canada-still-ease-openness-last-liberals |access-date = 10 November 2016}}</ref> ''The Economist'' argued that Canada's multiculturalism was a source of strength that united the diverse population and by attracting immigrants from around the world was also an engine of economic growth as well.<ref name="The Economist"/> The influence of the transitioned ideology of multiculturalism in the public sphere has led many public and private groups in Canada to work toward supporting both multiculturalism and recent immigrants to Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/reports-statistics/evaluations/multiculturalism-program/section-3.html|title=Evaluation of the Multiculturalism Program|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=10 June 2012|website=aem|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> In an effort to support recent Filipino immigrants to Alberta, for example, one school board partnered with a local university and an immigration agency to support these new families in their school and community.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://bild-lida.ca/journal/volume_2_2_2018/supporting-reconnecting-immigrant-families-with-english-language-learners-in-rural-schools-an-exploratory-study-of-filipino-arrivals-to-alberta/|title=Supporting Reconnecting Immigrant Families with English Language Learners in Rural Schools: An Exploratory Study of Filipino Arrivals to Alberta |first1=Gregory|last1=Tweedie|first2=Anja|last2=Dressler|first3=Cora-Leah|last3=Schmidt| access-date=17 November 2018|date=12 November 2018 }}</ref>