Editing Music theory (section)

====Arabic countries / Persian countries====

Medieval Arabic music theorists include:{{refn|See the [[List of music theorists#7th–14th centuries]], which includes several Arabic theorists; see also {{harvnb|d'Erlanger|1930–56|loc=1:xv-xxiv}}.|group=n}}

* Abū Yūsuf Ya'qūb [[Al-Kindi#Music theory|al-Kindi]] (Bagdad, 873&nbsp;CE), who uses the first twelve letters of the alphabet to describe the twelve frets on five strings of the [[oud]], producing a chromatic scale of 25 degrees.{{sfn|Manik|1969|loc=24–33}}
* [Yaḥyā ibn] al-[[Banu Munajjim|Munajjim]] (Baghdad, 856–912), author of ''Risāla fī al-mūsīqī'' ("Treatise on music", MS GB-Lbl Oriental 2361) which describes a [[Pythagorean tuning]] of the [[oud]] and a system of eight modes perhaps inspired by [[Ishaq al-Mawsili]] (767–850).<ref>{{harvnb|Wright|2001a}}; {{harvnb|Wright|2001b}}; {{harvnb|Manik|1969|loc=22–24}}.</ref>
* Abū n-Nașr Muḥammad [[Al-Farabi#Music|al-Fārābi]] (Persia, 872? – Damas, 950 or 951&nbsp;CE), author of ''[[Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir]]'' ("The Great Book of Music").<ref>Rodolphe d'Erlanger, ''La Musique arabe'', vol. I, pp. 1–306; vol. II, pp. 1–101.</ref>
* 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ul-Isfahānī (897–967), known as [[Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani]], author of ''Kitāb al-Aghānī'' ("The Book of Songs").
* Abū 'Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd-Allāh ibn Sīnā, known as [[Avicenna]] (c. 980 – 1037), whose contribution to music theory consists mainly in Chapter 12 of the section on mathematics of his ''Kitab Al-Shifa'' ("[[The Book of Healing]]").{{sfn|d'Erlanger|1930–56|loc=2:103–245}}
* al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad ibn 'Ali al-Kātib, author of Kamāl adab al Ghinā' ("The Perfection of Musical Knowledge"), copied in 1225 (Istanbul, Topkapi Museum, Ms 1727).{{sfn|Shiloah|1964}}
* [[Safi al-Din al-Urmawi]] (1216–1294&nbsp;CE), author of the ''Kitabu al-Adwār'' ("Treatise of musical cycles") and ''ar-Risālah aš-Šarafiyyah'' ("Epistle to Šaraf").{{sfn|d'Erlanger|1930–56|loc=3:1–182}}
* Mubārak Šāh, commentator of Safi al-Din's ''Kitāb al-Adwār'' ([[British Museum]], Ms 823).<ref>Anon. LXII in Amnon Shiloah, ''The Theory of Music in Arabic Writings (c. 900–1900): Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in Libraries of Europe and the U.S.A.'', RISM, München, G. Henle Verlag, 1979. See {{harvnb|d'Erlanger|1930–56|loc=3:183–566}}</ref>
* Anon. LXI, Anonymous commentary on Safi al-Din's ''Kitāb al-Adwār''.{{sfn|Ghrab|2009}}
* Shams al-dῑn al-Saydᾱwῑ Al-Dhahabῑ (14th century CE (?)), music theorist. Author of ''Urjῡza fi'l-mῡsῑqᾱ'' ("A Didactic Poem on Music").<ref name="Shiloah-2003">{{Cite book|title=The Theory of Music in Arabic Writings (c. 900–1900)|last=Shiloah|first=Amnon|publisher=G. Henle Verlag Munchen|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8203-0426-7|location=Germany|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredharp00buel/page/48 48, 58, 60–61]|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredharp00buel/page/48}}</ref>