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Nicholas Kristof
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===Anthrax attacks columns=== On October 12, 2001, ''Times'' reporter [[Judith Miller]] became one of several victims of [[2001 anthrax attacks|alleged anthrax attacks]].<ref>David Barstow (Oct. 13, 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/13/nyregion/a-nation-challenged-the-incidents-anthrax-found-in-nbc-news-aide.html l "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE INCIDENTS; Anthrax Found in NBC News Aide"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028073909/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/13/nyregion/a-nation-challenged-the-incidents-anthrax-found-in-nbc-news-aide.html |date=October 28, 2018}}, ''The New York Times''</ref><ref>Judith Miller (Oct. 14, 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/14/us/a-nation-challenged-the-letter-fear-hits-newsroom-in-a-cloud-of-powder.html "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE LETTER; Fear Hits Newsroom In a Cloud of Powder"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106192202/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/14/us/a-nation-challenged-the-letter-fear-hits-newsroom-in-a-cloud-of-powder.html |date=November 6, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times''</ref> The book ''[[Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War]]'', which Miller had co-written with two other ''Times'' staffers, had been published ten days earlier on October 2.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Judith|last1=Miller|first2=Stephen|last2=Engelberg|first3=William J.|last3=Broad|title=Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War|url=https://archive.org/details/germsbiologicalw00mill|url-access=registration|quote=Osama.|date=October 2, 2001|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-87159-2}}</ref> It became a top [[New York Times Non-Fiction Bestsellers of 2001|''New York Times'' bestseller]] a few weeks later.<ref name="hawes">{{cite web|url=http://www.hawes.com/2001/2001-11-04.pdf|title=The New York Times Best Seller List|date=November 4, 2001|publisher=hawes.com|page=2|access-date=2009-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033857/http://www.hawes.com/2001/2001-11-04.pdf|archive-date=October 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Its cover art depicted a white envelope like those used in the anthrax incidents. The text, written before the [[September 11 attacks]], made reference to [[jihadist]] [[terrorists]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Judith|last1=Miller|first2=Stephen|last2=Engelberg|first3=William J.|last3=Broad|title=Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxF5IFIOoEC&q=Osama|date=October 2, 2001|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-87159-2|page=138|access-date=October 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505085112/https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxF5IFIOoEC&q=Osama|archive-date=May 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2002, Kristof wrote a series of columns<ref>Nicholas Kristof (Jan. 4, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/04/opinion/profile-of-a-killer.html "Profile of A Killer"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106210601/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/04/opinion/profile-of-a-killer.html |date=November 6, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times''</ref><ref>Nicholas Kristof (May 24, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/24/opinion/connecting-deadly-dots.html "Connecting Deadly Dots"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029031106/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/24/opinion/connecting-deadly-dots.html |date=October 29, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times''</ref> indirectly suggesting that [[Steven Hatfill]], a former U.S. Army [[bioweapons|germ-warfare]] researcher named as a "[[person of interest]]" by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] might be a "likely culprit"<ref>Nicholas Kristof (July 2, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/02/opinion/anthrax-the-fbi-yawns.html "Anthrax? The F.B.I. Yawns"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029030734/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/02/opinion/anthrax-the-fbi-yawns.html |date=October 29, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times''</ref><ref>Nicholas Kristof (July 12, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/12/opinion/the-anthrax-files.html "The Anthrax Files"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028112221/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/12/opinion/the-anthrax-files.html |date=October 28, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times''</ref> in the anthrax attacks.<ref>Nicholas Kristof (July 19, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/19/opinion/case-of-the-missing-anthrax-files.html "Case of the Missing Anthrax"], ''The New York Times''</ref><ref>Nicholas Kristof (Aug. 13, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/13/opinion/the-anthrax-files.html "The Anthrax Files"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029031129/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/13/opinion/the-anthrax-files.html |date=October 29, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times''</ref> Hatfill was never charged with any crime. In July 2004, Hatfill sued the ''Times'' and Kristof for [[libel]], claiming [[defamation]] and [[intentional infliction of emotional distress]].<ref name=suit>{{cite news |first=Jerry |last=Markon |title=Former Army Scientist Sues New York Times, Columnist |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47994-2004Jul13.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 14, 2004 |access-date=March 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808191936/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47994-2004Jul13.html |archive-date=August 8, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequently, Hatfill voluntarily dismissed Kristof as a defendant in the case when it became clear that the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia|U.S. District Court]] in [[Alexandria, Virginia]], lacked [[personal jurisdiction]] over Kristof. The suit continued against the ''Times'' itself but was dismissed in 2004 on the basis that allegations within Kristof's articles did not constitute defamation though they appeared untrue. The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|appeals court]] reversed the lower court ruling in 2005, reinstating Hatfill's suit against the ''Times.''<ref>[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/791150/steven-j-hatfill-v-the-new-york-times-company-and-nicholas-kristof/ "Steven J. Hatfill v. The New York Times Company, and Nicholas Kristof, 416 F.3d 320"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502032309/https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/791150/steven-j-hatfill-v-the-new-york-times-company-and-nicholas-kristof/ |date=May 2, 2020 }}, CourtListener.com</ref> In January 2007, Presiding Judge [[Claude M. Hilton]] again dismissed the suit and ruled that Kristof's anthrax articles were "cautiously worded" and asserted that the scientist may perhaps be innocent.<ref name=hatfill>{{cite news |first1=Jerry |last1=Markon |first2=Allan |last2=Lenger |title=Judge Explains Tossing Out Suit Against N.Y. Times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/01/AR2007020101699_pf.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 2, 2007 |access-date=March 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107093338/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/01/AR2007020101699_pf.html |archive-date=November 7, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Judge Hilton wrote that Kristof "made efforts to avoid implicating his guilt" and that "Mr. Kristof reminded readers to assume plaintiff's innocence."<ref name=hatfill/> Kristof praised the dismissal of the suit, commenting that he was "really pleased that the judge recognized the importance of this kind of reporting" and that it was "terrific to have a judgment that protects journalism at a time when the press has had a fair number of rulings against it".<ref name=hatfill/> After the case was dismissed in 2007, the dismissal was upheld by the Appeals Court. In 2008, the case was appealed to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], which refused to grant [[certiorari]] in the case and effectively left the Appeals Court decision in place. The basis for the dismissal was that Hatfill was a "public figure" and had not proved malice on the part of the ''Times''.<ref>Kathleen Cullinan (Dec. 15, 2008), [https://www.rcfp.org/browse-media-law-resources/news/supreme-court-wont-hear-hatfills-libel-suit "Supreme Court won't hear Hatfill's libel suit"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029030850/https://www.rcfp.org/browse-media-law-resources/news/supreme-court-wont-hear-hatfills-libel-suit |date=October 29, 2018 }}, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press</ref>
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