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Normal pressure hydrocephalus
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== History == NPH was first described by neurosurgeon [[Salomón Hakim]] in 1957 at the Hospital San Juan de Dios, located in Bogotá, Colombia. Hakim was contacted by the family of a 16-year-old male patient who, after suffering from severe head trauma in a motor vehicle accident, remained semi-comatose after surgery to relieve pressure from a [[subdural hematoma]]. Hakim soon discovered ventricular enlargement on imaging of the patient, however, the patient's intracranial pressure remained within normal limits. Hakim decided to remove CSF for laboratory testing and later implanted a [[Cerebral shunt|ventriculoatrial shunt]], after which the patient showed significant improvement to Hakim's surprise. These findings were later published as a case report by Hakim in 1964 in ''[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]''. Hakim continued to research and work with patients found to have NPH and later published his findings detailing the classic triad of gait disturbance, neurological impairment, and urinary incontinence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wallenstein |first1=Matthew B. |last2=McKhann |first2=Guy M. |date=July 2010 |title=Salomón Hakim and the Discovery of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus |url=https://journals.lww.com/00006123-201007000-00021 |journal=Neurosurgery |language=en |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=155–159 |doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000370058.12120.0E |pmid=20568668 |s2cid=34287029 |issn=0148-396X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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