Editing North Dakota (section)

==Demographics==
===Population===
[[File:North Dakota population density 2020.png|thumb|upright=1.6|North Dakota population density]]

At the 2023 estimate North Dakota's population was 783,926 on July 1, 2023, a 0.62% increase since the [[2020 United States census]].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND,US/PST045223|title=QuickFacts North Dakota; UNITED STATES|website=2023 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=October 25, 2024|access-date=October 25, 2024}}</ref> North Dakota is the fourth least-populous state in the country; only [[Alaska]], [[Vermont]], and [[Wyoming]] have fewer residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-date=December 27, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref>

From fewer than 2,000 people in 1870, North Dakota's population grew to near 680,000 by 1930. Growth then slowed, and the population fluctuated slightly over the next seven decades, hitting a low of 617,761 in the 1970 census, with 642,200 in the 2000 census.<ref name="ndsupop">{{cite web|title=North Dakota Historical Population|publisher=North Dakota State University|url=http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/sainieid/north-dakota-historical-population.html|access-date=August 19, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113052533/http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/sainieid/north-dakota-historical-population.html|archive-date=November 13, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In the 21st Century North Dakota has experienced significant growth reaching a record population of 783,926 in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgum welcomes new record population estimate of 783,926 for North Dakota from U.S. Census Bureau {{!}} North Dakota Office of the Governor |url=https://www.governor.nd.gov/news/burgum-welcomes-new-record-population-estimate-783926-north-dakota-us-census-bureau |access-date=May 15, 2024 |website=www.governor.nd.gov |language=en}}</ref> Except for [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], the North Dakota population has a lesser percentage of minorities than in the nation as a whole.<ref name="quickfacts">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/38000.html|title=North Dakota QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|access-date=August 19, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615210657/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/38000.html|archive-date=June 15, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref> As of 2011, 20.7% of North Dakota's population younger than age{{nbsp}}1 were minorities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html|title=Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|last=Exner|first=Rich|date=June 3, 2012|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|access-date=November 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html|archive-date=July 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[center of population]] of North Dakota is in [[Wells County, North Dakota|Wells County]], near [[Sykeston, North Dakota|Sykeston]].<ref>{{cite web |title=statecenters |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |year=2000 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |access-date=November 21, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508041813/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=May 8, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2023 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 784 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in North Dakota.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2023-ahar-part-1.Pdf|title=The 2023 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress}}</ref>

{{US Census population
| 1870 = 2405
| 1880 = 36909
| 1890 = 190983
| 1900 = 319146
| 1910 = 577056
| 1920 = 646872
| 1930 = 680845
| 1940 = 641935
| 1950 = 619636
| 1960 = 632446
| 1970 = 617761
| 1980 = 652717
| 1990 = 638800
| 2000 = 642200
| 2010 = 672591
| 2020 = 779094
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 796568
| estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 26, 2024}}</ref>
| align-fn = center
| footnote = Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

===Race and ethnicity===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
|+ '''North Dakota Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of Population'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1980 !! 1990<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224151538/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-date=December 24, 2014 |access-date=April 18, 2014 |publisher=Census.gov |df=mdy-all}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web |date=January 8, 2014 |title=Census Viewer |url=http://censusviewer.com/city/ND |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140108192440/http://censusviewer.com/city/ND |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2017 |website=Censusviewer.com}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Census Data |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |access-date=April 18, 2014 |publisher=Census.gov |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522200920/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer |url=https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174830/https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH) || 623,152 (95.47%) || 601,592 (94.18%) || 589,149 (91.74%) || 598,007 (88.91%) || '''636,160 (81.65%)'''
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH) || 2,539 (0.39%) || 3,451 (0.54%) || 3,761 (0.59%) || 7,720 (1.15%) || '''26,152 (3.36%)'''
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH) || 20,134 (3.08%) || 25,590 (4.01)% || 30,772 (4.79%) || 35,562 (5.29%) || '''37,350 (4.79%)'''
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH) || 1,976 (0.30%) || 3,345 (0.52%) || 3,566 (0.56%) || 6,839 (1.02%) || '''13,050 (1.68%)'''
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH) || — || — || 218 (0.03%) || 290 (0.04%) || '''869 (0.11%)'''
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH) || 1,014 (0.16%) || 157 (0.02%) || 282 (0.04%) || 341 (0.05%) || '''1,853 (0.24%)'''
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or multiracial]] (NH) || — || — || 6,666 (1.04%) || 10,365 (1.54%) || '''30,248 (3.88%)'''
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) || 3,902 (0.60%) || 4,665 (0.73%) || 7,786 (1.21%) || 13,467 (2.00%) || '''33,412 (4.29%)'''
|-
| '''Total''' || '''652,717 (100.00%)''' || '''638,800 (100.00%)''' || '''642,200 (100.00%)''' || '''672,591 (100.00%)''' || '''779,094 (100.00%)'''
|}

[[File:Ethnic Origins in North Dakota.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in North Dakota]]
[[File:North Dakota Counties by race (2020 census).svg|thumb|Map of counties in North Dakota by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

'''Non-Hispanic White'''

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}

{{col-2}}

'''Native American'''

{{legend|#93c47d|50–60%}}

{{legend|#38761d|70–80%}}

{{legend|#274e13|80–90%}}

{{col-end}}|193x193px]]

;Birth data
''Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2013|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162514/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2014|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214040341/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|archive-date=February 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2015|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf|title=data|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=May 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf|archive-date=June 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2017 |access-date=February 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128161211/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 1, 2021 |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623200707/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210175206/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/NVSR70-17.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 3, 2022}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 5, 2024}}</ref>
! 2023<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr74/nvsr74-1.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2025-04-12}}</ref>
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic Whites|White]]
| 8,531 (80.5%)
| 9,036 (79.5%)
| 8,796 (77.7%)
| 8,486 (74.5%)
| 7,931 (73.9%)
| 7,816 (73.5%)
| 7,567 (72.4%)
| 7,199 (71.6%)
| 7,407 (73.2%)
| 6,965 (72.8%)
| 6,946 (72.0%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 1,021 (9.6%)
| 1,032 (9.1%)
| 985 (8.7%)
| 875 (7.7%)
| 820 (7.6%)
| 844 (7.9%)
| 803 (7.7%)
| 771 (7.7%)
| 685 (6.8%)
| 613 (6.4%)
| 603 (6.2%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 375 (3.5%)
| 504 (4.4%)
| 640 (5.6%)
| 612 (5.4%)
| 608 (5.7%)
| 609 (5.7%)
| 651 (6.2%)
| 659 (6.5%)
| 595 (5.9%)
| 585 (6.1%)
| 550 (5.7%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 263 (2.5%)
| 314 (2.8%)
| 344 (3.0%)
| 303 (2.7%)
| 286 (2.7%)
| 250 (2.4%)
| 244 (2.3%)
| 250 (2.5%)
| 199 (2.0%)
| 183 (1.9%)
| 232 (2.4%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (any race)
| ''436'' (4.1%)
| ''480'' (4.2%)
| ''580'' (5.1%)
| ''584'' (5.1%)
| ''587'' (5.5%)
| ''635'' (6.0%)
| ''651'' (6.2%)
| ''672'' (6.7%)
| ''671'' (6.6%)
| ''671'' (7.0%)
| ''759'' (7.8%)
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''10,599''' (100%)
| '''11,359''' (100%)
| '''11,314''' (100%)
| '''11,383''' (100%)
| '''10,737''' (100%)
| '''10,636''' (100%)
| '''10,454''' (100%)
| '''10,059''' (100%)
| '''10,112''' (100%)
| '''9,567''' (100%)
| '''9,647''' (100%)
|}

''Since 2016, data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.''

From the 1930s until the end of the 20th century, North Dakota's population gradually declined, interrupted by a couple of brief increases. Young adults with university degrees were particularly likely to leave the state. With the advancing process of mechanization of agricultural practices, and environmental conditions requiring larger landholdings for successful agriculture, subsistence farming proved to be too risky for families. Many people moved to urban areas for jobs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leading Population Trends in North Dakota |publisher=North Dakota State University |year=2007 |url=http://www.ndsu.edu/sdc/data/populationtrends.htm |access-date=August 19, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818144416/http://www.ndsu.edu/sdc/data/populationtrends.htm |archive-date=August 18, 2007 }}</ref>

Since the late 20th century, one of the major causes of migration from North Dakota is the lack of skilled jobs for college graduates. Expansion of economic development programs has been urged to create skilled and high-tech jobs, but the effectiveness of such programs has been open to debate.<ref>{{cite news | title = Agenda 2003—Saving North Dakota | newspaper = The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead | year = 2002 | url = http://www.in-forum.com/specials/savingnd/index2.cfm?page=articles_inside&id=27390 | access-date = August 19, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204321/http://www.in-forum.com/specials/savingnd/index2.cfm?page=articles_inside&id=27390 | archive-date = September 27, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> During the first decade of the 21st century, the population increased in large part because of jobs in the oil industry related to development of [[Unconventional (oil & gas) reservoir|unconventional]] [[tight oil]] (shale oil) fields.<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_22258851/oil-boom-turbocharges-north-dakota-population-growth "Oil boom turbocharges North Dakota population growth"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120114748/http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_22258851/oil-boom-turbocharges-north-dakota-population-growth |date=January 20, 2013 }}, ''The Denver Post'', Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref> Elsewhere, the Native American population has increased as some reservations have attracted people back from urban areas.

According to the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], the racial and ethnic composition of North Dakota was 88.7% [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]], 5.4% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 1.2% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 1.0% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander]], 0.5% some other race, and 0.2% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=December 14, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324073045/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=March 24, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> At the 2019 [[American Community Survey]], North Dakota's racial and ethnic makeup was 83.6% non-Hispanic white, 2.9% Black or African American, 5.0% Native American and Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.7% multiracial, and 4.0% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latin American]] of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=North%20Dakota%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2021|website=data.census.gov|archive-date=May 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522202745/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=North%20Dakota%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05}}</ref>

North Dakota is one of the top resettlement locations for refugees proportionally. According to the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, in 2013–2014 "more than 68 refugees" per 100,000 North Dakotans were settled in the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/11/where-refugees-go-in-america/|title=Where refugees go in America|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904200629/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/11/where-refugees-go-in-america/|archive-date=September 4, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In fiscal year 2014, 582 refugees settled in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/fiscal-year-2014-refugee-arrivals|title=Fiscal Year 2014 Refugee Arrivals—Office of Refugee Resettlement—Administration for Children and Families|website=Acf.hhs.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710130935/http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/fiscal-year-2014-refugee-arrivals|archive-date=July 10, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fargo Mayor Mahoney said North Dakota accepting the most refugees per capita should be celebrated given the benefits they bring to the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inforum.com/news/3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita|title=North Dakota leads nation in refugee resettlement per capita|website=Inforum.com|date=October 4, 2015|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926174445/http://www.inforum.com/news/3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita|archive-date=September 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, Lutheran Social Services of North Dakota, the state's only resettlement agency, was "awarded $458,090 in federal funding to improve refugee services".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inforum.com/news/3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement|title=Federal funding issued for refugee resettlement|website=Inforum.com|date=September 25, 2015|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926171812/http://www.inforum.com/news/3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement|archive-date=September 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> 29.8% of immigrants in North Dakota are from Africa leading to a rapid increase in the black proportion of the population in recent decades from 0.6% in 2000 to 3.9% in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Place of Birth for the Foreign-born Population |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/map/?table=C05006&geo_ids=040&#124;01000US&primary_geo_id=01000US#column&#124;C05006043,sumlev&#124;040 |access-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325225906/https://censusreporter.org/data/map/?table=C05006&geo_ids=040%7C01000US&primary_geo_id=01000US#column%7CC05006043,sumlev%7C040 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,323 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 21,110 people.<ref name="census_cum">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv |title=Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NST-EST2008-04) |date=December 15, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] |format=CSV |access-date=January 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205023552/http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv |archive-date=February 5, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Of the residents of North Dakota in 2009, 69.8% were born in North Dakota, 27.2% were born in a different state, 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 2.4% were born in another country.<ref>Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). [https://www.census.gov "U.S. Census website—Results"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |date=December 27, 1996 }} .</ref> The age and gender distributions approximate the national average. In 2019, 4.1% were foreign-born residents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 QuickFacts|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045219|url-status=live|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327055632/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045219}}</ref> The [[Philippines]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]], [[Canada]] and [[Liberia]] are the top countries of origin for North Dakota's immigrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/community/immigrants-make-up-about-5-of-north-dakotas-population-report-says|title=Immigrants make up about 5% of North Dakota's population, report says|date=September 21, 2020 }}</ref>

===Native American tribes===
The five federally recognized tribes in North Dakota are Mandan, Hidatsa, & Arikara Nation (Three Affiliated Tribes), the Spirit Lake Nation, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians and the Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate Nation.<ref>[https://www.nd.gov/government/tribal-governments#:~:text=These%20include%20the%20Mandan%2C%20Hidatsa,the%20Sisseton%2DWahpeton%20Oyate%20Nation. Tribal Nations {{!}} Indian Affairs Commission, North Dakota]</ref>

===Languages===
In 2010, 94.86% (584,496) of North Dakotans over 5 years old spoke [[English language|English]] as their [[primary language]]. 5.14% (31,684) of North Dakotans spoke a language other than English. 1.39% (8,593) spoke [[German language|German]], 1.37% (8,432) spoke [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and 0.30% (1,847) spoke [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]. Other languages spoken included [[Serbo-Croatian]] (0.19%), [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Japanese language|Japanese]] (both 0.15%), and [[Native American languages]] and [[French language|French]] (both 0.13%).<ref>{{cite web|title=Most Spoken Language in North Dakota in 2010 |url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619224705/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2000, 2.5% of the population spoke German in addition to English, reflecting early 20th century immigration.<ref name="US Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf |title=US Census 2000 |access-date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117052130/http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1940, {{Percentage | 355400 | 632640 | 2 }} (355,400) of North Dakotans spoke English, {{Percentage | 128700 | 632640 | 2 }} (128,700) spoke German, {{Percentage | 81300 | 632640 | 2 }} (81,300) spoke Norwegian, {{Percentage | 12600 | 632640 | 2 }} (12,600) spoke [[Swedish language|Swedish]], and {{Percentage | 54640 | 632640 | 2 }} (54,640) spoke some other language.<ref name="Census 1940 languages">{{cite web | title=1940 Census of Population: Mother Tongue, by Nativity, Parentage, Country of Origin, and Age, for States and Large Cities | website=Census.gov | date=1943| url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-nativity/41272165_ch5.pdf| access-date=2023-03-29}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{see also|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in North Dakota}}
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religious self-identification, per [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s 2022 ''American Values Survey''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=February 24, 2023 |title=2022 American Values Atlas: Religious Tradition |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion |access-date=March 30, 2023 |website=[[Public Religion Research Institute]]}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] 
| value1 = 80
| color1 = Purple
| label2 = [[Irreligion in the United States|Unaffiliated]]
| value2 = 12
| color2 = White
| label3 = Other
| value3 = 8
| color3 = Green
| label4 = 
| color4 = 
}}

[[File:Vang Evangelical Lutheran Church.jpg|thumb|[[Vang Evangelical Lutheran Church]] in [[Manfred, North Dakota|Manfred]]]]
The [[Pew Research Center]] determined 77% of the adult population was [[Christianity|Christian]] in 2014.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics|url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2021|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US|archive-date=January 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103045246/https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/}}</ref> In contrast with many southern U.S. states, [[mainline Protestant]]ism was the largest form of Protestantism practiced (28%). The largest mainline Protestant denomination in North Dakota was the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]], and the [[United Methodist Church]] was the second largest. Evangelical Protestants, forming the second largest Protestant branch (22%), were also dominated by Lutherans; the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] was the largest Evangelical denomination. Among the Christian population of North Dakota, the Roman Catholic Church was the single largest Christian denomination. According to the [[Public Religion Research Institute]] in 2020, 75% of the adult population were Christian, with mainline Protestantism remaining the majority and [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Protestantism]] at 18% of the population.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=PRRI – American Values Atlas |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-ND |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=ava.prri.org}}</ref> In 2022, the Public Religion Research Institute determined 80% of the population were Christian.

Per the Pew Research Center in 2014, non-Christian religions accounted for 3% of the adult population, with [[Islam]] being the largest non-Christian religion. Other faiths such as [[Unitarian Universalism|Unitarians]] and [[New Age]]rs collectively made up 1% of the practicing population. At the 2014 survey, 20% were unaffiliated with any religion, and 2% of North Dakotans were atheist; 13% of the population practiced nothing in particular.<ref name=":0" /> The 2020 Public Religion Research Institute's survey determined 22% were unaffiliated with any religion,<ref name=":2" /> and 12% in 2022.

The largest church bodies by number of adherents in 2010 were the [[Roman Catholic Church]] with 167,349; the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 163,209; and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 22,003.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/38/rcms2010_38_state_adh_2010.asp |title=The Association of Religion Data Archives &#124; State Membership Report |website=Thearda.com |access-date=November 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060631/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/38/rcms2010_38_state_adh_2010.asp |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2006, North Dakota had the most churches per capita of any state.<ref name="religious survey" /> Additionally, North Dakota had the highest percentage of church-going population of any state in 2006.<ref name="religious survey">{{cite web|url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |title=American Religious Identification Survey |website=Exhibit 15 |publisher=The Graduate Center, City University of New York |access-date=November 24, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060913102359/http://www.gc.cuny.edu//faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |archive-date=September 13, 2006 }}</ref> By 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives numbered 164,843, remaining the largest Christian body by attendance; it had an adherence rate of 211.58 per 1,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Congregational Membership |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=1&c=38 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Association of Religion Data Archives}}</ref>

A 2001 survey indicated 35% of North Dakota's population was [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], and 30% was Catholic. Other religious groups represented were [[Methodists]] (7%), [[Baptists]] (6%), the [[Assemblies of God]] (3%), [[Presbyterian]]s (1.27%),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernplainspresbytery.com/about/History.html|title=Presbytery of the Northern Plains|website=Presbytery of the Northern Plains|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525204950/https://www.northernplainspresbytery.com/about/History.html|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] (1%). Christians with unstated or other denominational affiliations, including other [[Mainline Protestant|Protestants]] and [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church), totaled 3%, bringing the total Christian population to 86%. There were an estimated 920 Muslims and 730 Jews in the state in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/states/North-Dakota-Religions.html |title=North Dakota—Religions |publisher=City-data.com |access-date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030042346/http://www.city-data.com/states/North-Dakota-Religions.html |archive-date=October 30, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Three percent of respondents answered "no religion" on the survey, and 6% declined to answer.<ref name="religious survey" />