Editing Old Irish (section)

=== Stops following vowels ===
The voiceless stops of Old Irish are ''c, p, t''. They contrast with the voiced stops ''g, b, d''. Additionally, the letter ''m'' can behave similarly to a stop following vowels. These seven consonants often mutate when not in the word-initial position.

In non-initial positions, the single-letter voiceless stops ''c, p,'' and ''t'' become the voiced stops {{IPAslink|ɡ}}, {{IPAslink|b}}, and {{IPAslink|d}} respectively unless they are written double. Ambiguity in these letters' pronunciations arises when a single consonant follows an ''l, n,'' or ''r''.<ref name="dking"/> The lenited stops ''ch, ph,'' and ''th'' become {{IPAslink|x}}, {{IPAslink|f}}, and {{IPAslink|θ}} respectively.
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3|Non-initial voiceless stops {{angbr|c}}, {{angbr|p}}, {{angbr|t}}
|-
!Old Irish
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|{{lang|sga|macc}}
| {{IPA|/mak/}}
| {{lang|en|son}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|bec}} or {{lang|sga|becc}}
| {{IPA|/bʲeɡ/}}
| {{lang|en|small}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|op}} or {{lang|sga|opp}}
| {{IPA|/ob/}}
| {{lang|en|refuse}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|bratt}}
| {{IPA|/brat/}}
| {{lang|en|mantle}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|brot}} or {{lang|sga|brott}}
| {{IPA|/brod/}}
| {{lang|en|goad}}
|-
!colspan=3|Lenited consonants {{angbr|ch}}, {{angbr|ph}}, {{angbr|th}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|ech}}
| {{IPA|/ex/}}
| {{lang|en|horse}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|oíph}}
| {{IPA|/oif/}}
| {{lang|en|beauty}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|áth}}
| {{IPA|/aːθ/}}
| {{lang|en|ford}}
|}

The voiced stops ''b, d,'' and ''g'' become fricative {{IPAslink|v}}, {{IPAslink|ð}}, and {{IPAslink|ɣ}}, respectively—identical sounds to their word-initial lenitions.
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3|Non-initial voiced stops {{angbr|g}}, {{angbr|b}}, {{angbr|d}}
|-
!Old Irish
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|{{lang|sga|dub}}
| {{IPA|/duv/}}
| {{lang|en|black}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|mod}}
| {{IPA|/moð/}}
| {{lang|en|work}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|mug}}
| {{IPA|/muɣ/}}
| {{lang|en|slave}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|claideb}}
| {{IPA|/klaðʲəv/}}
| {{lang|en|sword}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|claidib}}
| {{IPA|/klaðʲəvʲ/}}
| {{lang|en|swords}}
|}

In non-initial positions, the letter ''m'' usually becomes the nasal fricative {{IPAslink|ṽ}}, but in some cases it becomes a nasal stop, denoted as {{IPAslink|m}}. In cases in which it becomes a stop, ''m'' is often written double to avoid ambiguity.
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3|Non-initial consonant {{angbr|m}}
|-
!Old Irish
!Pronunciation
!English
|-
|{{lang|sga|dám}}
| {{IPA|/daːṽ/}}
| {{lang|en|company}}
|-
|{{lang|sga|lom}} or {{lang|sga|lomm}}
| {{IPA|/Lom/}}
| {{lang|en|bare}}
|}