Editing Open access (section)

=== Gratis and libre ===
{{main|Gratis versus libre}}
Similar to the [[free content]] definition, the terms [[Gratis versus libre|'gratis' and 'libre']] were used in the [[Budapest Open Access Initiative]] definition to distinguish between free to read versus free to reuse.<ref name="Gratis and Libre Open Access">{{Cite web |last=Suber |first=Peter |date=2008 |title=Gratis and Libre Open Access |url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4322580 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170310160505/https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4322580 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 March 2017 |access-date=3 December 2011}}</ref>

{{anchor|Free access}}Gratis open access ({{free access}}) refers to free online access, to read, free of charge, without re-use rights.<ref name="Gratis and Libre Open Access" />

{{anchor|Open access}}Libre open access ({{open access}}) also refers to free online access, to read, free of charge, plus some additional re-use rights,<ref name="Gratis and Libre Open Access" /> covering the kinds of open access defined in the [[Budapest Open Access Initiative]], the [[Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing]] and the [[Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities]]. The re-use rights of libre OA are often specified by various specific [[Creative Commons license]]s;<ref name="Suber 2012 68–69">{{harvnb|Suber|2012|pp=68–69}}</ref> all of which require as a minimum [[Attribution (copyright)|attribution of authorship]] to the original authors.<ref name="Gratis and Libre Open Access" /><ref name="Suber statements">{{harvnb|Suber|2012|pp=7–8}}</ref> In 2012, the number of works under libre open access was considered to have been rapidly increasing for a few years, though most [[open-access mandate]]s did not enforce any copyright license and it was difficult to publish libre gold OA in legacy journals.<ref name=":0" /> However, there are no costs nor restrictions for green libre OA as preprints can be freely self-deposited with a free license, and most open-access repositories use [[Creative Commons]] licenses to allow reuse.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Balaji |first1=B. |last2=Dhanamjaya |first2=M. |date=2019 |title=Preprints in Scholarly Communication: Re-Imagining Metrics and Infrastructures |journal=Publications |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.3390/publications7010006 |doi-access=free}}></ref> The biggest drawback of many Open Access licenses is a prohibition on [[data mining]].  For this reason, many [[big data]] studies of various technologies performed by [[economists]] ( as well as [[machine learning]] by [[computer scientists]]) are limited to [[patent analysis]], since the patent documents are not subject to copyright at all.