Editing Pécs (section)

===  19th century and later ===
The industry developed a lot in the second half of the 19th century. By 1848, there were 1,739 industrial workers. Some of the manufactures were nationally famous. The iron and paper factories were among the most modern ones of the age. Coal mining was relevant. A sugar factory and beer manufactures were built, too. The city had 14,616 residents.

During the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848|revolution in 1848–49]], Pécs was occupied by Croatian armies for a short time, but it was freed from them by Habsburg armies in January 1849.

After the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]] Pécs developed, like all the other cities and towns of the country. From 1867, Pécs is connected to the nearby town [[Barcs]] by railway, and since 1882 it is also connected to [[Budapest]]. In 1913, a tram system has been founded, but it was extinguished in 1960.

At the end of [[Hungary in World War I|World War I]], Baranya county was occupied by [[Serbia]]n troops, and it was not until August 1921 that Pécs could be sure that it remains part of Hungary. The University of Pressburg (modern-day [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]]) was moved to Pécs after Hungary lost Pressburg according to the [[Treaty of Trianon]].

During [[Hungary in World War II|World War II]], Pécs was captured by [[Red Army|Soviet]] troops of the [[3rd Ukrainian Front]] on 29 November 1944 in the course of the [[Budapest Offensive]]. The city suffered only minor damages, even though a large tank-battle took place {{convert|20|-|25|km|0|abbr=off}} south of the city, close to the Villány area late in the war, when the advancing [[Red Army]] fought its way towards Austria. Until the end of World War II, the majority Inhabitants was [[Danube Swabians]]. Some of the former German settlers was expelled to Germany and Austria in 1945-1948, under the 1945 [[Potsdam Agreement]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ldu-online.de/die-vertreibung | title=Die Vertreibung – Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Ungarn | access-date=2022-01-17 | archive-date=2022-01-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116000200/https://ldu-online.de/die-vertreibung | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Germans of Hungary]] are still a minority in the City.

A history of Hungary from 1945-1990, "under Soviet domination" can be found in A Concise History of Hungary.<ref>Molnar, Miklos. (2001). A Concise History of Hungary. English translation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</ref> After the war, development became fast again, and the city grew, absorbing several nearby towns. In the 1980s, Pécs already had 180,000 inhabitants.

{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote =
|1870 | 30821
|1890 | 43869
|1900 | 53721
|1910 | 60237
|1920 | 58808
|1930 | 74395
|1941 | 88473
|1949 | 88302
|1960 | 114655
|1970 | 149253
|1980 | 168715
|1990 | 170039
|2001 | 162489
|2011 | 156049
|2022 | 139647
}}

After the end of [[Soviet occupation of Hungary|Socialist]] era (1989–1990), Pécs and its county, like many other areas, were hit hard by the changes, the unemployment rate was high, the mines and several factories were closed, and the war in neighboring [[Yugoslavia]] in the 1990s affected the tourism.

Pécs was also the centre of the [[Nordic Support Group]] (NSG) consisting of units from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Poland, as part of the [[IFOR]] and later [[SFOR]] [[NATO]] deployments, after the Dayton Agreement and following peace in former Yugoslavia; the first units were deployed to Pécs in late 1995 and early 1996. The NSG handled the relaying of supply, personnel and other logistical tasks between the participating countries and their deployed forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

In 1998 Pécs was given the UNESCO prize "''Cities for Peace"'' for maintaining its cultural minorities, and also for its tolerant and helping attitude toward refugees of the [[Yugoslav Wars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hetek.hu/hatter/199804/pecs_a_tolerans_varos|title=Pécs, a toleráns város - Hetek Közéleti Hetilap|website=Hetek Közéleti Hetilap|access-date=2010-04-05|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721112555/http://www.hetek.hu/hatter/199804/pecs_a_tolerans_varos|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2007 Pécs was third, and in 2008 it was second "''Livable City"'' (The LivCom Awards)<ref>[http://www.livcomawards.com/2009-awards/whole-city-awards.htm www.livcomawards.com, Official site of LivCom awards] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312042052/http://www.livcomawards.com/2009-awards/whole-city-awards.htm |date=2010-03-12 }}</ref> in the category of cities between 75,000 and 200,000 inhabitants.<ref>[http://www.ddrkh.hu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=586 www.ddrkh.hu, 2008. november 12. - Pécs második lett az Élhető Települések döntőjében] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305014935/http://www.ddrkh.hu/modules.php?name=News |date=2009-03-05 }}</ref>

In 2010, Pécs was selected to be the [[European Capital of Culture]] alongside [[Essen]] and [[Istanbul]]. The city motto is "The Borderless City". After receiving the title major renewal started in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbkik.hu/index.php?id=7491&term=|title=BETA – Pécs-Baranyai Kereskedelmi és Iparkamara|website=www.pbkik.hu|access-date=2010-04-05|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721112355/http://www.pbkik.hu/index.php?id=7491&term=|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bama.hu/baranya/gazdasag/mar-epitik-a-pecsi-buza-teren-a-corsot-123514|title=Már építik a pécsi Búza téren a Corsót - BAMA|access-date=2010-04-05|archive-date=2009-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228163020/http://www.bama.hu/baranya/gazdasag/mar-epitik-a-pecsi-buza-teren-a-corsot-123514|url-status=dead}}</ref> Renewed public places, streets, squares and neighbourhoods, new cultural centres, a concert hall, a new library and centre and a cultural quarter were designed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peh.hu/index.php?tid=4&act=show&cid=625&o=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128000011/http://www.peh.hu/index.php?tid=4&act=show&cid=625&o=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 28, 2024|title=www.peh.hu, Elindult a Sopianae-terv, épül a Déli Ipari Park}}</ref><ref>[Pécsre áramlik a tőke www.origo.hu, 2008. 07. 17. - Pécsre áramlik a tőke]</ref>