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PARAM
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==PARAMNet== '''PARAMNet''' is a high speed high [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] low [[latency (engineering)|latency]] [[Local area network|network]] developed for the PARAM series. The original PARAMNet used an 8 port cascadable non-blocking [[Network switch|switch]] developed by C-DAC. Each port provided 400 [[Mbps#Megabit per second|Mb/s]] in both directions (thus 2x400 Mbit/s) as it was a [[Full duplex#Full-duplex|full-duplex]] network. It was first used in PARAM 10000.<ref name="1999-rajaraman-p75"/> '''PARAMNet II''', introduced with PARAM Padma, is capable of 2.5 [[Gigabit per second|Gbit/s]] while working [[Full duplex#Full-duplex|full-duplex]]. It supports interfaces like [[Virtual Interface Architecture]] and [[Active messages]]. It uses 8 or 16 port [[System Area Network|SAN]] [[Network switch|switches]].<ref name=sci>{{cite book | last=Singh| first=Ashok Kumar | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CzV1MgFH6oMC&q=paramnet&pg=PA217|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education| title=Science And Technology For Civil Service| page=216| access-date=15 September 2011| isbn=9780070655485 | date=July 2007 }}</ref> '''PARAMNet-3''', used in PARAM Yuva and PARAM Yuva-II, is next generation high performance networking component for building supercomputing systems. PARAMNet-3 consists of tightly integrated hardware and software components. The hardware components consist of Network Interface Cards (NIC) based on CDAC's fourth generation communication co-processor "GEMINI", and modular 48-port Packet Routing Switch "ANVAY". The software component "KSHIPRA" is a lightweight protocol stack designed to exploit capabilities of hardware and to provide industry standard interfaces to the applications. Other application areas identified for deployment of PARAMNet-3 are storage and database applications.<ref name=paramnet3>{{cite web|title = PARAMNet3| url = https://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=hpc_ss_paramnet3|quote=PARAMNet-3, a high performance clusters interconnect developed indigenously by CDAC.|access-date=26 November 2018 }}</ref>
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