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Photonics
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===Transmission media=== Light can be transmitted through any [[transparency and translucency|transparent]] medium. [[Optical fiber|Glass fiber]] or [[plastic optical fiber]] can be used to guide the light along a desired path. In [[optical communication]]s optical fibers allow for [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] distances of more than 100 km without amplification depending on the bit rate and modulation format used for transmission. A very advanced research topic within photonics is the investigation and fabrication of special structures and "materials" with engineered optical properties. These include [[photonic crystal]]s, [[photonic crystal fiber]]s and [[metamaterial]]s.
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