Editing Platinum (section)

===Other compounds===
Unlike [[palladium acetate]], [[platinum(II) acetate]] is not commercially available. Where a base is desired, the halides have been used in conjunction with [[sodium acetate]].<ref name = han/> The use of platinum(II) acetylacetonate has also been reported.<ref>{{cite journal|first1 = Sebastian |last1= Ahrens |first2= Thomas|last2= Strassner|doi = 10.1016/j.ica.2006.05.042|title = Detour-free synthesis of platinum-bis-NHC chloride complexes, their structure and catalytic activity in the CH activation of methane|date = 2006|journal = Inorganica Chimica Acta|volume = 359|pages = 4789–4796|issue = 15}}</ref>

Platinum exhibits negative oxidation states at surfaces reduced electrochemically,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/jp068879d|title=Spectroscopic Evidence of Platinum Negative Oxidation States at Electrochemically Reduced Surfaces|date=2007|display-authors=4|last1=Ghilane|first1=J.|last2=Lagrost|first2=C.|last3=Guilloux-Viry|first3=M.|last4=Simonet|first4=J.|last5=Delamar|first5=M.|last6=Mangeney|first6=C.|last7=Hapiot|first7=P.|journal=Journal of Physical Chemistry C|volume=111|pages=5701–7|issue=15}}</ref> and several "platinides" have been synthesized in which platinum exhibits oxidation states ranging from −1 to −2.  The negative oxidation states exhibited by platinum are unusual for metallic elements, and they are attributed to the relativistic stabilization of the 6s orbitals.<ref name="Jansen" /> Barium platinides include BaPt, {{chem|Ba|3|Pt|2}}, and {{chem|Ba|2|Pt}}.<ref>{{cite journal| doi = 10.1039/b514631c |title = An experimental proof for negative oxidation states of platinum: ESCA-measurements on barium platinides|first1=Andrey |last1= Karpov| first2=Mitsuharu| pmid = 16479284 |last2=Konuma|first3=Martin |last3=Jansen|journal = Chemical Communications|volume = 44|date = 2006| issue = 8|pages = 838–840}}</ref> Caesium platinide, {{chem|Cs|2|Pt}}, a dark-red transparent crystalline compound<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/anie.200352314|title=Cs2Pt: A Platinide(-II) Exhibiting Complete Charge Separation|date=2003|last1=Karpov|first1=Andrey|last2=Nuss|first2=Jürgen|last3=Wedig|first3=Ulrich|last4=Jansen|first4=Martin|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|volume=42|issue=39|pages=4818–21|pmid=14562358}}</ref> has been shown to contain Pt{{su|p=2−}} anions.<ref name="Jansen">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2005.06.015|title=Effects of relativistic motion of electrons on the chemistry of gold and platinum|date=2005|last1=Jansen|first1=Martin|journal=Solid State Sciences|volume=7|pages=1464–74|bibcode=2005SSSci...7.1464J|issue=12|doi-access=free}}</ref> The "platinum [[Grignard reagent|Grignard]]" Pt(MgCl)<sub>2</sub>&middot;{{mvar|n}}[[tetrahydrofuran|THF]] conjecturally contains Pt<sup>2&minus;</sup> as well.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ellis |first=John E. |date=2006-04-17 |title=Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic052110i |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |language=en |volume=45 |issue=8 |page=3170 |doi=10.1021/ic052110i |issn=0020-1669}}</ref>  

It is predicted that even the cation {{chem|PtO|4|2+}} in which platinum exists in the +10 oxidation state may be achievable.<ref>{{cite web |first=M. |last=Gunther |title=Oxidation state +10 may exist in a platinum compound |date=13 June 2016 |publisher=Chemistry World |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/oxidation-state-10-may-exist-in-a-platinum-compound/1010184.article}}<br/>{{cite journal |first1=H.S. |last1=Yu |first2=D.G. |last2=Truhlar |title=Oxidation State 10 Exists |journal=Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. |volume=55 |issue= 31|pages=9004–6 |date=2016 |doi=10.1002/anie.201604670 |pmid=27273799 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[Zeise's salt]], containing an [[ethylene]] ligand, was one of the first [[organometallic compound]]s discovered. {{chem name|[[Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II)]]}} is a commercially available [[Alkene|olefin]] complex, which contains easily displaceable [[1,5-Cyclooctadiene|cod ligands]] ("cod" being an abbreviation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene). The cod complex and the halides are convenient starting points to platinum chemistry.<ref name="han" />

[[Cisplatin]], or {{chem name|''cis''-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)}} is the first of a series of square planar platinum(II)-containing chemotherapy drugs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Riddell|first1=Imogen A.|last2=Lippard|first2=Stephen J.
|editor1-last=Sigel|editor1-first=Astrid|editor2-last=Sigel|editor2-first=Helmut|editor3-last=Freisinger|editor3-first=Eva|editor4-last=Sigel|editor4-first=Roland K. O.
|title=Metallo-Drugs:Development and Action of Anticancer Agents
|series=Metal Ions in Life Sciences|volume=18|date=2018
|isbn=978-3-11-046984-4
|doi=10.1515/9783110470734-007
|pmid=29394020|pages=1–42|chapter=Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin:Our Current Understanding of Their Actions}}</ref> Others include [[carboplatin]] and [[oxaliplatin]]. These compounds are capable of [[cross-link|crosslinking]] [[DNA]], and kill cells by similar pathways to alkylating [[chemotherapy|chemotherapeutic agents]].<ref name="Richards">{{cite journal|last1 = Richards|first1 = A. D.|last2 = Rodger|first2 = A.|date = 2007|title = Synthetic metallomolecules as agents for the control of DNA structure|journal = Chemical Society Reviews|volume = 36|pages = 471–483|doi = 10.1039/b609495c|pmid = 17325786|issue = 3|df = dmy-all|url = http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2189/1/WRAP_Richards_Revised_article1.pdf}}</ref> (Side effects of cisplatin include nausea and vomiting, hair loss, tinnitus, hearing loss, and nephrotoxicity.)<ref name="M.D.R.Ph.2014">{{cite book|last1=Carinder|first1=James A.|last2=Morrison|first2=Pilar M.|last3=Morrison|first3=David G.|author4=Jack E. Saux III|title=Practical Oncology Protocols|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPaAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|access-date=11 June 2016|date=7 July 2014|publisher=Mill City Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-62652-816-1|page=22|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109202329/https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPaAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|archive-date=9 November 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="TaguchiNazneen2005">{{Cite book|last1=Taguchi|first1=Takashi|last2=Nazneen|first2=Arifa|last3=Abid|first3=M. Ruhul|last4=Razzaque|first4=Mohammed S.|title=Cisplatin-Associated Nephrotoxicity and Pathological Events|year=2005|pages=107–121|doi=10.1159/000086055|pmid=15912030|volume=148|series=Contributions to Nephrology|isbn=978-3-8055-7858-5|s2cid=24509477}}</ref>

[[Organoplatinum]] compounds such as the above antitumour agents, as well as soluble inorganic platinum complexes, are routinely characterised using [[Platinum-195 nuclear magnetic resonance|{{chem|195|Pt}} nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy]].

<gallery widths="160px" heights="140px">
File:Hexachloridoplatinat-Ion.svg|The hexachloroplatinate ion
File:Zeise's-salt-anion-3D-balls.png|The anion of Zeise's salt
File:Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II)-from-xtal-3D-balls-E.png|{{chem name|Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II)}}
File:Cisplatin-3D-balls.png|Cisplatin</gallery>