Editing Primary sclerosing cholangitis (section)

=== Cancer ===
[[Cholangiocarcinoma]], a major complication of PSC, is associated with a very poor prognosis. Approximately 80% of patients diagnosed with PSC-associated cholangiocarcinoma die within 1 year.<ref name=":3" />

The development of any of the cancers associated with PSC predicts a poor prognosis. Complications from PSC-associated cancers account for 40% of deaths from PSC.<ref name="Folseraas2016" /> Primary sclerosing cholangitis is one of the major known risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma,<ref name="Tsaitas2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tsaitas C, Semertzidou A, Sinakos E | title = Update on inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis | journal = World Journal of Hepatology | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 178–187 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24799986 | pmc = 4009473 | doi = 10.4254/wjh.v6.i4.178 | doi-access = free }}</ref> a cancer of the biliary tree, for which the lifetime risk among patients with PSC is 10-15%.<ref name="Kummen2013" /> This represents a 400-fold greater risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma compared to the general population.<ref name="Lazaridis2016" />  Surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC is encouraged, with some experts recommending annual surveillance with a specialized imaging study and serum markers,<ref>Tabibian JH, Lindor KD. Challenges of Cholangiocarcinoma Detection in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. J Analytical Oncology. 2012;1(1):50–55.</ref> although consensus regarding the modality and interval has yet to be established.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} Similarly, a screening [[colonoscopy]] is recommended in people who receive a new diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis since their risk of colorectal cancer is 10 times higher than that of the general population.<ref name="Lazaridis2016" />