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Princess Knight
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===Impacts on industry=== ''Princess Knight'' marks the first time Tezuka used his "story comic" format—which uses a narrative structure and cinematic techniques—in a ''shōjo'' manga.{{sfn|Schodt|1996|p=253}}{{sfn|Power|2009|p=115}} The series changed the concept of ''shōjo'' from gag comics or strips teaching "good behavior" to narrative-focused works,<ref name=tcj>{{cite web | url=http://www.tcj.com/reviews/princess-knight/ | title=Princess Knight | date=March 13, 2012 | author=Mautner, Chris | work=[[The Comics Journal]] | publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]] | access-date=July 20, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316040404/http://www.tcj.com/reviews/princess-knight/ | archive-date=March 16, 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Power|2009|p=122}} and thus is considered the first modern work of the genre.{{sfn|Schodt|1996|p=253}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blogs.slj.com/goodcomicsforkids/2011/01/28/vertical-licenses-princess-knight/ | title=Vertical licenses Princess Knight | author=Dacey, Katherine | date=January 28, 2011 | work=School Library Journal | publisher=Media Source Inc. | access-date=July 20, 2014}}</ref> It also established elements that would be common in late works of the genre, including an idealized foreign (from a Japanese perspective) settings, a heroine with large eyes, and gender ambiguity with a certain amount of androgyny.{{sfn|Schodt|1996|p=253}}{{sfn|Drazen|2002|p=91}}<ref>{{cite book | author=Booker, M. Keith | title=Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels | year=2010 | publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] | isbn=9780313357473 | page=380}}</ref> In the 1970s, two trends were predominant in ''shōjo'' manga: the first featured "androgynous, masculine, or asexual protagonists searching for self and love" and the other had "more explicit romance involving an ordinary girl." Elements of both were already present in Tezuka's Sapphire.{{sfn|Johnson-Woods|2010|p=139}} The manga is considered to have started the genre of female superheroes,{{sfn|Johnson-Woods|2010|p=96–97}} and regarded as a [[prototype]] for the [[magical girl]] genre.<ref name=gravett>{{cite book|last=Gravett|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Gravett|title=Manga: Sixty Years of Japanese Comics|date=2004|publisher=Laurence King|location=London|isbn=1-85669-391-0|page=77|edition=2. print.}}</ref> Martin Theron of ANN affirmed the series' "influence ... is immeasurable, and in a real sense every lead action heroine who has followed is a direct or indirect spiritual descendant of Princess Sapphire/Prince Knight."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2014-01-06 | title=Anime in America: The Best (and Worst) of 2013 | author=Theron, Martin | date=January 6, 2014 | website=Anime News Network | access-date=July 18, 2015}}</ref> Indeed, Sapphire is one of the most recognizable heroines of Tezuka; between March 3–June 27, 2016, the Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum sponsored an art exhibit focused on the "Heroines of Osamu Tezuka," highlighting Sapphire and Pinoko of ''[[Black Jack (manga)|Black Jack]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/02/23-1/heroines-of-osamu-tezuka-art-exhibit-debuts-in-march-of-2016 | title="Heroines of Osamu Tezuka" Art Exhibit Debuts in March of 2016 | author=Chapman, Paul | date=February 23, 2016 | website=Crunchyroll | access-date=March 16, 2016}}</ref> She was also considered the most iconic heroine in anime history by Thomas Zoth of Mania.com.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroines_article_120015.html | title=10 Iconic Anime Heroines | work=Mania.com | publisher=Demand Media | date=January 19, 2010 | access-date=3 June 2015 | last=Zoth | first=Thomas | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122050251/http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroines_article_120015.html | archive-date=2010-01-22 | url-status=dead}}</ref> This work expanded the scope of Japanese popular culture by opening up the possibility of exploring a wider range of sexual orientations, which goes beyond clear [[gender binary]] homo- or heterosexuality.{{sfn|Drazen|2002|p=92}} According to Brophy, "''Shōjo'' manga's rich potential for complex representations of the human psyche in diverse sociocultural contexts was essentially constructed by Tezuka's androgynous character Sapphire."{{sfn|Johnson-Woods|2010|p=139}} Featuring the first gender-ambiguous heroine,<ref name=dong/>{{sfn|Johnson-Woods|2010|p=163}} it influenced many works, specially ''shōjo'', such as ''[[The Rose of Versailles]]'',{{sfn|Schodt|1996|pp=256–257}}{{sfn|Drazen|2002|p=94}} which possibilited ''[[Revolutionary Girl Utena]]'',<ref>{{cite book | author=Clements, Jonathan | title=Schoolgirl Milky Crisis: Adventures in the Anime and Manga Trade, Volume 2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ce4uTsv-3e4C&pg=PA318 | page=318 | publisher=A-Net Digital| year=2010 | isbn=978-0-98-459374-3}}</ref> ''[[The Sword of Paros]]'' and ''[[Sailor Moon]]''{{'}}s [[Sailor Uranus]].<ref name=yuricon>{{cite web | url=http://okazu.yuricon.com/2012/01/12/princess-knight-manga-volume-1-english/ | title=Princess Knight Manga, Volume 1 (English) | author=Friedman, Erica | date=January 12, 2012 | website=Yuricon.com | access-date=July 18, 2015}}</ref>
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